1
•Hypoechoic or heterogeneous mass in the cervix
•Irregular or poorly defined margins
•May see a dilated ureter if severe
•Anechoic or hypoechoic endometrial fluid collection
2
•Round, anechoic structure
•Smooth walls
•Usually under 2 cm
•Posterior enhancement
•May have tiny internal echoes
3
•Diffuse uterine enlargement
•Heterogeneous (messy-looking) myometrium
•Poorly defined anechoic (cyst-like) areas
•Thickened or ill-defined endometrium
•“Venetian blind” shadowing
•More common in the posterior uterine wall
4
•Uterine enlargement
•Variable appearance: hypoechoic, heterogeneous, or hyperechoic
•Well-defined borders
•Lobulated contour
•May show calcifications with shadowing
•May cause distortion of the endometrium
•Low-flow Doppler signal
5
•Heterogeneous uterine mass
•Irregular margins
•Rapidly enlarging mass
•May resemble a degenerating fibroid
6
•Thickened endometrium
•14 mm premenopausal (symptomatic)
•5 mm postmenopausal (symptomatic)
•Smooth or cystic changes within the endometrium
•Uniformly echogenic or mildly heterogeneous
7
•Thick, irregular endometrium
•Prominent endometrial echo complex
•Enlarged, heterogeneous uterus
•Increased vascularity
•Fluid or air within endometrial cavity (possible bright echoes)
8
•“Tip of the iceberg” sign (bright echoes hide deeper structures)
•Complex mass with mixed echogenicity
•Fat-fluid levels
•Calcifications or teeth producing shadowing
•Thick, irregular margins
9
•Enlarged ovaries
•≥10 small follicles per ovary
•Follicles arranged around the periphery (“string of pearls”)
•Increased ovarian volume (>10 mL)
10
•Predominantly solid or complex mass
•Irregular margins
•Internal blood flow on Doppler (often ↑ vascularity)
•Septations, mural nodules, or papillary projections
•Ascites may be present
•Resistive index <0.4–0.5 suggests malignancy
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