Memory Review for Exam 4 Sensory/Tissue Integrity/Neurodeg. DisordersVersion en ligne Test your memory with cards featuring key concepts of neurosensory, neurodegenerative disorders, and tissue integrity for the nursing student par Kelly Caused by ischemia→ punched-out deep wound, hair loss, diminished pulses Gradual increase in intraocular pressure from impaired aqueous humor drainage → optic nerve damage and gradual peripheral vision loss (“tunnel vision”). Increased Intraocular Pressure Lie prone, avoid vigorous exercise and lifting 15 pounds, sunglasses when outdoors Perception of ringing, buzzing, or roaring in the ears without external sound; may interfere with sleep, concentration, and quality of life. Excess inner ear fluid → vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, and ear fullness. Permanent hearing loss → chronic loud noise damages cochlear hair cells Cochlear Implant – Postoperative Care Conductive hearing loss Retinal Detachment – Warning Signs Glaucoma – Risk Factors Drusen deposits damage the macula → gradual central vision loss. No medication cure; focus on prevention (leafy green vegetables, smoking cessation, eye monitoring). Abnormal blood vessels grow under the macula and leak blood or fluid → rapid central vision loss; treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF injections (e.g., Ranibizumab). Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Sensorineural hearing loss Cataract Retina separates → flashes of light, floaters, curtain over vision; requires immediate evaluation (ocular emergency). Keep incision clean and dry, avoid pressure to site; external processor activated after healing. Soft foods help minimize discomfort Open-Angle Glaucoma Arterial Ulcer Retinal Detachment Tinnitus Ménière’s disease Problem with sound transmission through outer or middle ear → sound is blocked from reaching inner ear (e.g., cerumen, fluid, infection) Increased intraocular pressure → optic nerve damage; risk factors include age, family history, African American ethnicity, and diabetes. Avoid bending at the waist → bend at the knees instead, Avoid lifting heavy objects or straining, Avoid holding your breath during activity, Use stool softeners to prevent straining Retinal Detachment post-op directions Increased intraocular pressure → optic nerve damage and progressive peripheral vision loss. Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration (Wet AMD) Flashes of light, floaters, curtain/shadow over vision; often associated with trauma, heavy lifting Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Guillain-Barré Syndrome Ascending paralysis → monitor respiratory function→ decreased ventilatory effort pooling → edema, irregular shallow ulcer, slow healing Huntington's Disease Moist, red rash with satellite lesions in warm skin folds (groin, axilla, under breasts), Nystatin cream or powder Slow shuffling gait, pill-rolling, slowed speech, difficulty swallowing Autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder → chorea (involuntary jerking movements) and progressive cognitive decline. Used for anaphylaxis → symptoms include wheezing, tongue swelling, hives, and airway compromise. Parkinson's Disease Venous Ulcer Progressive neurodegenerative disease in which motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord die→ respiratory muscle weakness → ineffective cough → airway clearance priority Painful unilateral blistering rash along a dermatome → initiate appropriate isolation precautions. Corticosteroids Neuropathy/pressure → deep wound with callous formation Timolol Epinephrine Risk Factors: Autoimmune response, genetic susceptibility, viral triggers, environmental factors (low vitamin D). Brimonidine Herpes Zoster Lowers intraocular pressure; may cause mild burning/stinging and dry mouth after instillation. Wait 5 minutes between other drops, gentle pressure on nasolacrimal duct after instilling the drops Used for inflammatory/autoimmune disorders → hyperglycemia, infection risk, fluid retention, GI irritation. Pressure Injury – Priority Intervention Candidiasis (Skin) Multiple Sclerosis Topical beta-blocker used to lower intraocular pressure; systemic absorption may cause bradycardia, hypotension, and bronchospasm. Diabetic Ulcer Stages 1–4 progress from superficial to deep tissue damage → redness → blister → fat → muscle/bone. Pressure Injury Staging Relieve pressure → reposition client frequently and offload bony prominences, skin protection, support surfaces, nutrition/protein, friction & shear
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