Explanation
1
All of cell respiration starts with a glucose (C6H12O6) molecule
2
In the process of glycolysis glucose (C6H12O6) is broken down into 2 pyruvate molecules. The pyruvates have 3 carbons each. This takes 2 ATP, but makes 4 ATP (for a net gain of 2 ATP and stores a little energy in NADH.
3
NADH is an energy carrier. It takes hydrogen and electrons (energy) to the Electron Transport Chain to be made into ATP and is recycled as NAD+.
4
In glycolysis, glucose (C6H12O6) is split into 2 pyruvate molecules. This take s 2 ATP, but makes 4 ATP for a net of 2ATP form each glucose.
5
In glycolysis, 1 glucose molecule (C6H12O6) is broken down into 2 pyruvate molecules (3 carbons each), yielding a net of 2 ATP and storing some energy in NADH. This is an anaerobic process (does not need energy) and takes place in the cytoplasm.
6
The place where glycolysis, the first step of cell respiration , takes place.
7
after glycolysis and before the Krebs Cycle, there is one step where pyruvate (3 carbons) is converted into Acetly CoA (2 carbons). Some carbon dioxide (CO2) is given off as a waste product.
8
Organelle where most of cell respiration takes place. It has an outer membrane, an inner membrane and an open space filled with fluid similar to cytoplasm.
9
Sometimes called the Citric Acid Cycle, if there is enough oxygen, each Acetyl CoA (2 carbons) enters the mitochondria and gets added to a 4 carbon molecule to make a 6 carbon molecule. It then goes through a series of reactions to make 2 ATP and stores some energy in NADH and FADH2 per glucose. Oxygen is needed (aerobic process) and CO2 is the waste product. This takes place in the open fluid-filled area of the mitochondria, the matrix.
10
NADH and FADH2 are energy carriers. They take hydrogens an electrons to the Electron Transport Chain where they will be made in to ATP and are recycle as NAD+ and FAD2+.
11
Open, fluid-filled area in the mitochondrion where the reactions of the Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) take place.
12
The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain are aerobic and use oxygen. If there is not enough oxygen in the cell, fermentation will take place in the cytoplasm after glycolysis.
13
The Krebs cycle yields 1 ATP per pyruvate, but there are 2 pyruvates per glucose, so the Krebs Cycle yields 2 ATP total per glucose.
14
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is the waste products form the Krebs Cycle and given off by the cell
15
The Electron Transport Chain takes all of the energy stored in NADH and FADH2 from glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle and converts it into 32-34 ATP. This takes place in the cristae of the mitochondria (the inner membrane) where there are a series of proteins that pass the electrons back and forth and move hydrogen ions to build up a concentration gradient. This is an aerobic process (uses oxygen (O2)).
16
The cristae are the inner membrane of the mitochondria where the Electron Transport Chain takes place. There are a series of proteins that pass electrons and move Hydrogen ions to build up a concentration gradient. The last step is an enzyme that moves the hydrogen ions back and stores the energy as 32-34 ATP.
17
The end product of the Electron Transport Chain is 32-34 ATP. It's different because some cells are a little more efficient and get a few more ATP. With the 2 from glycolysis and 2 from the Krebs cycle this is a total of 36-38 ATP per glucose molecule.
18
Water (H2O) is the waste products of the Electron Transport Chain and given off by the cell.
19
After glycolysis, if there is not enough oxygen, pyruvate can not enter the Krebs Cycle. Instead it stays in the cytoplasm and undergoes fermentation. This makes 0 ATP, but recycles NADH so that glycolysis can happen again (and make 2 ATP net). Alcohol or lactic acid are waste products.
map of the 13 colonies plus a few bonus questions