Relier Pairs The Old RegimenVersion en ligne The Enlightenment par Gehistart Artgeo 1 He defended a strong monarchy with respect for civil liberties. He believed strongly in freedom of expression and rejected fanaticism and intolerance 2 These private associations of enlightened thinkers met to discuss a variety of subjects. 3 He defended the separation of powers: legislative power should be held by a representative Parliament, executive power by the King, and judicial power by independent judges 4 Natural rights 5 He initiated a wide-ranging reform programme that made him Spain's greatest enlightened despo 6 They therefore criticised some aspects of absolutism, the privileges of the nobility and the clergy, and the strict rules of guilds 7 Enlightened despotism monarchs 8 Their reforms attempted to modernise Spain (new land was farmed in Sierra Morena, the privileges of the Mesta were reduced) 9 Knowledge 10 It should be applied to all areas of life 11 He defended freedom and equality. He believed society corrupts human beings, who are naturally good. Sovereignty should reside in the people. For the benefit of the community, the people allow a higher authority to govern in their name 12 Education and the experimental science They were considered vital for ongoing human progress. Enlightenment thinkers Belonged to all human being Economic Societies of Friends of the Country Reason They founded new educational institutions, modernised their bureaucracies and expropriated unused lands It was the key to happiness
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