Compléter The Classical AgeVersion en ligne Fill the gaps about the main cities in the Classical Age par Isabel Pérez Pérez 1 polis Great War Sparta Athens Sparta Peloponnessian Macedon aristocratic Alexander the The city - state , or appeared in the Greek - speaking world in the eighth century BC . Each city - state had its laws and army , and its own system of government . Some states , like , had government . Other states , like , were democracies : citizens met regularly in assemblies and elected their representatives . Athens and Sparta led alliances against each other during the , which began in 431 BC . This war ended with the victory of in 404 BC . After the war , the city - states were much weaker . They were conquered by King Philip II of in the 4th century BC . King Philip's son , , became famous for the vast empire he created .