Compléter 115-testVersion en ligne 115-test par Farhad Key 1 suitability onset curb encroachment loosestrife outweigh detrimental wetland criticized succession experimental decomposition biocontrol loosestrife The invasion of non - indigenous plants is considered a primary threat to integrity and function of ecosystems . However , there is little quantitative or evidence for ecosystem impacts of invasive species . Justifications for control are often based on potential , but not presently realized , recognized or quantified , negative impacts . Should lack of scientific certainty about impacts of non - indigenous species result in postponing measures to prevent degradation ? Recently , management of purple ( Lythrum salicaria ) , has been for lack of evidence demonstrating negative impacts of L . salicaria , and management using biocontrol for lack of evidence documenting the failure of conventional control methods . Although little quantitative evidence on negative impacts on native wetland biota and function was available at the of the control program in 1985 , recent work has demonstrated that the invasion of purple loosestrife into North American freshwater wetlands alters rates and nutrient cycling , leads to reductions in wetland plant diversity , reduces pollination and seed output of the native Lythrum alatum , and reduces habitat for specialized wetland bird species such as black terns , least bitterns , pied - billed grebes , and marsh wrens . Conventional methods ( physical , mechanical or chemical ) , have continuously failed to the spread of purple loosestrife or to provide satisfactory control . Although a number of generalist insect and bird species utilize purple loosestrife , wetland habitat specialists are excluded by of L . salicaria . We conclude that negative ecosystem impacts of purple loosestrife in North America justify control of the species and that effects of purple loosestrife on wetland systems and biota and the potential benefits of control potential risks associated with the introduction of agents . Long - term experiments and monitoring programs that are in place will evaluate the impact of these insects on purple , on wetland plant and other wetland biota .
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