Compléter
Shock and its four main types
Shock
is
a
life
-
threatening
condition
marked
by
inadequate
tissue
perfusion
and
can
result
from
various
mechanisms
.
The
four
main
categories
describe
different
pathophysiologies
.
shock
occurs
after
significant
blood
or
fluid
loss
,
reducing
circulating
volume
.
shock
stems
from
heart
pump
failure
that
cannot
meet
the
body's
demands
.
shock
involves
widespread
vasodilation
and
maldistribution
of
blood
flow
,
often
due
to
infection
,
allergy
,
or
nervous
system
factors
.
shock
arises
from
physical
obstruction
to
blood
flow
,
such
as
pulmonary
embolism
or
cardiac
tamponade
.
Hypovolemic
shock
happens
when
the
body
loses
too
much
,
so
there
isn
?
t
enough
circulating
blood
to
supply
all
the
organs
with
oxygen
.
The
body
tries
to
save
blood
for
vital
organs
like
the
brain
and
heart
,
so
less
blood
goes
to
the
arms
and
legs
.
That
?
s
why
the
skin
can
become
cold
and
pale
.
If
the
blood
loss
isn
?
t
corrected
,
may
stop
functioning
,
leading
to
failure
and
possibly
.
A
patient
with
a
severe
infection
develops
widespread
vasodilation
,
causing
blood
pressure
to
fall
and
blood
to
become
poorly
distributed
throughout
the
body
.
This
type
of
shock
is
called
shock
.
When
the
cause
is
a
severe
infection
,
it
is
specifically
called
shock
.
Treatment
may
include
IV
crystalloids
,
antibiotics
,
and
vasopressors
such
as
to
maintain
adequate
blood
pressure
and
tissue
perfusion
.
Although
all
4
types
of
shock
can
lead
to
hypotension
and
organ
dysfunction
,
their
treatments
are
not
exactly
the
same
.
Hypovolemic
shock
requires
replacement
of
lost
,
cardiogenic
shock
requires
support
of
the
failing
,
distributive
shock
requires
management
of
and
its
underlying
cause
,
and
obstructive
shock
requires
removal
or
treatment
of
the
obstruction
.
The
patient's
heart
is
unable
to
pump
enough
blood
to
meet
the
body's
needs
.
This
condition
is
known
as
shock
,
and
the
nurse
should
closely
monitor
the
patient's
rhythm
and
.
In
obstructive
shock
,
can
restrict
the
heart's
ability
to
fill
properly
.
A
can
also
impair
venous
return
by
increasing
pressure
within
the
chest
.
Hypovolemic
shock
is
commonly
described
in
four
stages
based
on
the
percentage
of
blood
volume
lost
.
In
Stage
I
,
up
to
of
blood
volume
is
lost
,
and
the
patient
may
have
minimal
symptoms
because
compensatory
mechanisms
are
still
effective
.
Stage
II
involves
?
30%
blood
loss
,
which
may
cause
tachycardia
,
increased
respiratory
rate
,
anxiety
,
and
decreased
urine
output
.
Stage
III
involves
?
40%
blood
loss
and
is
associated
with
hypotension
,
weak
pulses
,
altered
mental
status
,
and
significant
tissue
hypoperfusion
.
Stage
IV
,
involving
more
than
blood
loss
,
can
cause
severe
hypotension
,
profound
hypoxia
,
loss
of
consciousness
,
and
life
-
threatening
circulatory
failure
.
Cardiogenic
shock
is
commonly
associated
with
severe
.
As
cardiac
output
decreases
,
the
body
compensates
by
increasing
and
peripheral
vascular
resistance
,
which
can
further
increase
the
heart
?
s
workload
.
Without
rapid
intervention
,
persistent
low
cardiac
output
can
lead
to
widespread
and
multiple
organ
failure
.
Distributive
shock
has
three
major
types
.
In
shock
,
severe
infection
triggers
an
inflammatory
response
that
can
cause
vasodilation
and
increased
capillary
permeability
.
Then
in
shock
,
it
can
develop
rapidly
after
exposure
to
an
allergen
,
while
shock
may
occur
after
a
spinal
cord
injury
and
can
cause
hypotension
with
an
unusually
slow
heart
rate
.
Shock
Pathophysiology
When
blood
flow
decreases
,
the
amount
of
oxygen
delivered
to
the
body
?
s
tissues
also
.
As
oxygen
becomes
insufficient
,
cells
switch
from
to
continue
producing
energy
.
This
process
causes
levels
to
increase
,
leading
to
cellular
dysfunction
and
damage
.
If
inadequate
delivery
persists
,
tissue
injury
progresses
to
organ
dysfunction
and
multiple
organ
failure
.
Without
timely
intervention
,
severe
and
prolonged
shock
can
ultimately
result
in
death
.
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Complete the lyrics of the song with the words that appear on the right side
Fill in the missing words in this quiz concerning the Anatomy page of the website. You should read through the passage provided, and click the word you think fits from the list at the side. If you ...