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Educational Mobile Apps and AutonomyVersion en ligne
Autonomy and app use
Theoretical
Framework
:
Influence
of
Time
Spent
on
on
Students
?
.
Currently
,
the
use
of
educational
mobile
applications
has
increased
significantly
,
especially
among
students
.
These
tools
allow
access
to
content
anytime
,
anywhere
,
which
aids
.
However
,
the
amount
of
time
spent
using
them
can
influence
academic
performance
both
positively
and
negatively
.
(
,
2022
)
This
theoretical
framework
analyzes
how
the
time
dedicated
to
these
applications
impacts
independent
learning
.
(
,
2024
)
are
digital
tools
designed
to
facilitate
learning
through
mobile
devices
such
as
phones
and
tablets
.
(
,
2025
)
These
applications
include
,
,
,
and
.
Their
advantages
include
:
,
,
.
However
,
excessive
or
inappropriate
use
can
lead
to
distractions
or
.
refers
to
a
student's
ability
to
manage
their
own
learning
process
,
setting
goals
,
selecting
resources
,
and
evaluating
their
progress
.
Key
characteristics
include
,
,
.
can
enhance
and
support
these
skills
if
used
correctly
.
When
students
spend
time
using
educational
apps
,
it
directly
impacts
their
.
:
improves
comprehension
and
reinforces
knowledge
.
:
can
cause
fatigue
,
distraction
,
or
dependence
.
:
limits
the
use
of
.
Therefore
,
balancing
is
key
to
reaping
the
.
Theoretical
Framework
:
Influence
of
Time
Spent
on
on
Students
?
.
Educational
mobile
applications
are
digital
tools
designed
to
facilitate
learning
through
mobile
devices
such
as
phones
and
tablets
.
These
applications
include
interactive
activities
,
videos
,
assessments
,
and
educational
resources
.
Their
advantages
include
flexible
access
to
content
,
personalized
learning
,
and
interactivity
.
However
,
excessive
or
inappropriate
use
can
lead
to
distractions
or
digital
fatigue
.
Self
-
directed
learning
refers
to
a
student
?
s
ability
to
manage
their
own
learning
process
,
setting
goals
,
selecting
resources
,
and
evaluating
their
progress
.
When
students
spend
time
using
educational
apps
,
it
directly
impacts
their
independent
learning
.
improves
comprehension
and
reinforces
knowledge
,
can
cause
fatigue
or
distraction
,
and
limits
the
use
of
digital
resources
.
Therefore
,
is
key
to
reaping
the
benefits
.
Factors
that
Influence
Effectiveness
:
These
factors
influence
how
students
develop
autonomy
in
their
learning
and
determine
the
productivity
of
mobile
applications
:
,
,
,
,
and
.
Table
and
figures
indicate
that
variables
such
as
)
,
,
,
,
and
are
used
to
analyze
cross
-
country
data
on
the
use
of
mobile
applications
by
students
.
For
example
,
the
per
day
is
around
45
.
5
minutes
with
a
of
about
75
.
5%
and
a
digital
competence
around
8
.
02
.
These
indicators
suggest
that
mobile
devices
support
self
-
regulation
and
independent
learning
when
used
appropriately
.
provide
______1______
access
,
enabling
______2______
learning
and
______3______
.
However
,
______4______
use
can
lead
to
______5______
or
______6______
.
is
the
student
?
s
ability
to
______7______
,
______8______
,
and
______9______
,
while
mobile
apps
can
______10______
these
skills
when
used
correctly
.
The
with
these
apps
directly
impacts
______11______
,
with
______12______
,
or
______13______
,
affecting
the
level
of
______14______
.
Factors
that
influence
effectiveness
include
______15______
,
______16______
,
*
*
teacher
guidance
*
*
,
______18______
,
and
______19______
.
are
digital
tools
designed
to
facilitate
learning
through
mobile
devices
.
They
provide
flexible
access
,
personalized
learning
,
and
interactivity
.
However
,
excessive
use
can
lead
to
distractions
and
digital
fatigue
,
which
may
affect
.
Autonomous
learning
refers
to
a
student
?
s
ability
to
manage
their
own
learning
,
set
goals
,
select
resources
,
and
evaluate
progress
.
is
a
key
skill
that
these
apps
can
support
when
used
properly
,
helping
students
maintain
and
for
better
outcomes
.
The
field
of
has
grown
,
offering
flexible
access
,
interactivity
,
and
resources
.
However
,
the
amount
of
can
influence
,
positively
when
moderate
and
negatively
when
excessive
.
supports
independent
study
,
while
reflects
a
student
?
s
commitment
.
Factors
that
influence
effectiveness
include
,
,
,
,
and
.
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