Portal Varices Essentials Quiz

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Portal varices pathophysiology and care

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CHAN Ava

Hong Kong

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Portal Varices Essentials Quiz


Portal Varices Essentials QuizVersion en ligne Portal varices pathophysiology and care par CHAN Ava 1 What are oesophageal varices and why are they dangerous? a Varices are smooth, straight veins with no bleeding risk b Fibrotic bands in the esophagus that narrow the lumen c Small veins with chronic, painless bleeding only d Tortuous, dilated esophageal veins prone to rupture causing massive upper GI bleeding 2 Describe the sequence from portal obstruction to varice formation. a Direct liver cell injury → infection → varices b Esophageal spasm → dilation → variceal rupture c Arterial blockage to the stomach → variceal formation d Portal obstruction → portal hypertension → collateral flow to esophagus/stomach → distended, fragile varices 3 What is the normal role of the hepatic portal vein? a Carries arterial blood to the heart b Brings oxygen-rich blood from lungs to the liver c Drains nutrient-rich, deoxygenated blood from GI organs to the liver for processing d Pumps bile into the digestive tract 4 Name the three cause categories of oesophageal varices with an example for each. a Pre-hepatic (snoring); Intra-hepatic (diabetes); Post-hepatic (anemia) b Pre-hepatic (gastric ulcers); Intra-hepatic (hepatitis); Post-hepatic (lung disease) c Pre-hepatic (portal vein thrombosis); Intra-hepatic (cirrhosis); Post-hepatic (right-sided heart failure) d Pre-hepatic (hepatic steatosis); Intra-hepatic (tumors); Post-hepatic (renal failure) 5 What is the single most common cause of oesophageal varices? a Constrictive pericarditis (post-hepatic) b Hepatic metastases (liver) c Portal vein thrombosis (pre-hepatic) d Cirrhosis (intra-hepatic) 6 What is the primary goal in medical management of non-bleeding varices? a Reduce portal venous pressure and prevent variceal rupture b Promptly perform endoscopic banding c Increase portal pressure to tamponade bleeding d Induce diuresis to lower abdominal pressure 7 Name two drug classes used for non-bleeding varices and one example of each. a Opioids and NSAIDs b Beta-blockers (e.g., metoprolol) and nitrates (e.g., isosorbide) c ACE inhibitors and ARBs d Antibiotics and antifungals 8 Why avoid raw vegetables and crusty bread in non-bleeding varices? a They increase portal pressure directly b They irritate the stomach lining more than soft foods c They worsen liver function d Hard foods can tear fragile varices and trigger bleeding 9 List three activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure to avoid. a Coughing, sneezing, straining during defecation b Breathing through the nose, meditating, listening to music c Sleeping, watching TV, light walking d Speaking, drinking water, chewing gum 10 What is an early sign of bleeding in variceal disease? a Hyperglycemia b Tachycardia c Hyperthermia d Bradycardia 解释 1 They are dilated, fragile veins that can rupture and cause severe bleeding. 2 Obstruction leads to increased pressure and collateral vessels form varices. 3 It channels blood from GI tract to the liver for detoxification and metabolism. 4 Clasified by location of obstruction affecting portal flow. 5 Intra-hepatic cirrhosis accounts for most cases. 6 Prevent progression to bleeding by lowering portal hypertension. 7 Beta-blockers reduce portal pressure; nitrates lower splanchnic flow. 8 Rough textures may injure varices. 9 These activities raise pressure and risk bleeding. 10 Heart rate rise can precede overt bleeding.

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Portal Varices Essentials Quiz

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Créé par

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Portal Varices Essentials QuizVersion en ligne

par CHAN Ava

What are oesophageal varices and why are they dangerous?

Describe the sequence from portal obstruction to varice formation.

What is the normal role of the hepatic portal vein?

Name the three cause categories of oesophageal varices with an example for each.

What is the single most common cause of oesophageal varices?

What is the primary goal in medical management of non-bleeding varices?

Name two drug classes used for non-bleeding varices and one example of each.

Why avoid raw vegetables and crusty bread in non-bleeding varices?

List three activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure to avoid.

What is an early sign of bleeding in variceal disease?

解释