Relier Pairs Nursing Magnesium MatchVersion en ligne Match magnesium concepts with their facts par luis 1 Where is magnesium absorbed? 2 How is magnesium regulated? 3 What is the normal serum magnesium level? 4 What does magnesium do for nerves? 5 What is magnesium’s main role in the body? 6 Where is most magnesium stored in the body? 7 What is magnesium’s role in the heart? 8 What electrolyte does magnesium help regulate? 9 What does magnesium do for muscles? 10 What system does magnesium influence related to glucose? Bones and intracellular fluid (ICF) 1.6–2.6 mEq/L Small intestine Maintains normal cardiac rhythm Helps transmit nerve impulses Kidneys (excretion) Supports muscle contraction and relaxation Insulin release and activity Involved in >300 biochemical reactions Potassium (K⁺) 1 What complication can oral Mg cause? 2 What is hypomagnesemia? 3 How is hypomagnesemia treated? 4 What are common causes of low magnesium? 5 What happens to reflexes in hypomagnesemia? 6 What GI issues cause Mg loss? 7 What GI findings occur? 8 What is priority nursing action for low Mg? 9 What medications can cause hypomagnesemia? 10 What cardiac effects occur? 11 What GI issues cause Mg loss? 12 What foods are high in magnesium? 13 What classic signs may be positive? 14 What neuromuscular signs occur? Dysrhythmias, tachycardia, hypertension Loop & thiazide diuretics Constipation, hypoactive bowel sounds Tetany, seizures, paresthesia Mg <1.6 mEq/L (or <1.3 in some refs) Chvostek’s & Trousseau’s signs PO magnesium (mild), IV magnesium (severe) Vomiting and diarrhea Green leafy vegetables, nuts, whole grains Diarrhea, NG suction, diuretics, alcohol use, malnutrition Diarrhea Monitor cardiac rhythm (ECG) Vomiting and diarrhea Hyperactive (↑ reflexes) 1 What is hypermagnesemia? 2 What happens to reflexes in hypermagnesemia? 3 What IV fluids are used? 4 What cardiac effects occur? 5 What CNS effects occur? 6 What medications can cause high Mg? 7 What medications help remove Mg? 8 What is the most common cause? 9 What is a severe complication of high Mg? 10 What must be monitored closely? 11 What is priority nursing assessment? 12 What is the antidote for magnesium toxicity? 13 What respiratory effect occurs? Renal failure Mg >2.6 mEq/L Lethargy, drowsiness Bradycardia, hypotension, dysrhythmias Loop diuretics Decreased or absent reflexes Magnesium-free IV fluids Check reflexes (DTRs) Mg-containing antacids & laxatives Calcium gluconate Cardiac arrest Respiratory depression VS, LOC, respirations, ECG 1 What patient is HIGH RISK for hypermagnesemia? 2 What happens to reflexes in HIGH Mg? 3 Hypomagnesemia causes what type of excitability? 4 What happens to reflexes in LOW Mg? 5 Which condition is most dangerous with high Mg? 6 •LOW Mg = everything OVERACTIVE 🔥 7 Hypermagnesemia causes what type of excitability? 8 Which electrolyte imbalance looks like hypocalcemia? 9 •\HIGH Mg = everything SLOWED 🧊 10 What patient is HIGH RISK for hypomagnesemia? Alcohol use disorder / GI losses Reflexes ↓, Resp ↓, Heart ↓ INCREASED reflexes Hyper (↑ activity) DECREASED reflexes Hypomagnesemia Renal failure patient Respiratory depression + cardiac arrest Hypo (↓ activity) Reflexes ↑ , Seizures, Heart ↑ 1 What happens if Mg is not corrected before K⁺? 2 What electrolyte imbalance is also linked to low Mg? 3 What lab should always be checked with Mg? 4 What electrolyte imbalance is commonly seen with hypomagnesemia? 5 What ECG changes may occur with high Mg? 6 Why does hypomagnesemia cause hypocalcemia? 7 What ECG changes may occur with low Mg? 8 Why does low Mg cause low potassium? Impairs PTH release Potassium and Calcium Hypocalcemia Potassium will not correct Mg is needed to retain potassium in cells Prolonged QT, dysrhythmias Hypokalemia Prolonged PR interval, heart block 1 What is magnesium sulfate’s mechanism? 2 What is the antidote for Mg sulfate toxicity? 3 What must be monitored during Mg sulfate infusion? 4 What is a serious side effect of magnesium sulfate? 5 What is lidocaine’s relation to Mg? 6 What medication is magnesium sulfate used for? 7 What is the therapeutic Mg level for eclampsia? 8 What is a common side effect of magnesium sulfate? 9 What indicates Mg toxicity during infusion? 10 What is bisacodyl? 4–7 mEq/L (higher than normal) Eclampsia (prevent seizures) Both used for dysrhythmias Calcium gluconate Laxative (can ↓ Mg if abused) Absent DTRs CNS depressant, relaxes smooth muscle Flushing, warmth Respirations, reflexes, urine output Respiratory depression 1 What respiratory rate is concerning with Mg toxicity? 2 What is priority: low Mg seizures or high Mg bradycardia? 3 What must always be at bedside with Mg infusion? 4 What urine output indicates risk for Mg toxicity? 5 What assessment is MOST important for Mg imbalance? 6 Why is low urine output dangerous? 7 What is the FIRST sign of magnesium toxicity? Airway/breathing always first Calcium gluconate Loss of deep tendon reflexes Mg is excreted by kidneys → buildup Neuromuscular + cardiac monitoring <12 breaths/min <30 mL/hr 1 What should nurse monitor with Mg imbalance? 2 Which patients are at risk for hypermagnesemia? 3 Which findings indicate hypermagnesemia? 4 Which patients are at risk for hypomagnesemia? 5 Which findings indicate hypomagnesemia? Alcohol use, diarrhea, NG suction, malnutrition Bradycardia, hypotension, ↓ reflexes, lethargy ECG, reflexes, LOC, respirations Renal failure, excessive antacids/laxatives Hyperreflexia, tremors, seizures, positive Chvostek’s 1 What is done if kidneys are not working? 2 What is priority for hypermagnesemia? 3 Why give Mg slowly IV? 4 What medication removes Mg from body? 5 What must nurse assess before giving Mg? 6 What route is used for severe hypomagnesemia? 7 What is priority for hypomagnesemia? Dialysis Replace Mg and monitor cardiac rhythm Loop diuretics (if kidneys working) Kidney function + urine output Rapid infusion can cause cardiac arrest IV magnesium sulfate Stop Mg intake immediately 1 What dairy contains Mg? 2 What fruits contain Mg? 3 After stopping Mg infusion, next action? 4 Pt with diarrhea and NG suction → likely Mg? 5 Why is magnesium important in cardiac patients? 6 What patient education prevents low Mg? 7 What happens if Mg is too high in ICU patient? 8 Pt with renal failure + weak reflexes → what imbalance? 9 What system is MOST affected by Mg imbalance? 10 Pt has Mg 1.0 + arrhythmias → treatment? 11 Why must Mg be corrected before potassium? 12 Pt with alcohol use + tremors + seizures → what imbalance? 13 Pt taking laxatives daily → risk for? 14 What patient education prevents high Mg? 15 Pt on Mg sulfate loses reflexes → what do you do FIRST? 16 Why is Mg given in torsades de pointes? 17 Pt has Mg 3.5 mEq/L + RR 10 → priority? 18 What foods are high in magnesium? K will not stay in cells without Mg Support airway/oxygen STOP infusion Hypomagnesemia OR hypermagnesemia (depends) Stabilizes cardiac rhythm Hypermagnesemia IV magnesium Bananas, avocado, blueberries Avoid alcohol abuse, eat balanced diet Avoid overuse of antacids/laxatives Nonfat milk, yogurt Prevents dysrhythmias Nuts, legumes, whole grains, leafy greens LOW Respiratory failure + cardiac arrest Administer calcium gluconate Hypomagnesemia Neuromuscular + cardiovascular
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