Relier Pairs finalVersion en ligne antimicrobial methods par Ana Rosa Sanchez-Grande 1 T cells attack tissues: 2 Antibodies and antigens form complexes that cause damaging inflammation 3 Occurs minutes after a person sensitized to an antigen is reexposed to that antigen: 4 Antibodies react with cell-surface antigens: 5 Antigenic response beyond normal 6 When haptens combine with proteins in skin, producing an immune response such as allergic response to cosmetics and metals: 7 Reexposure to antigen causes memory cells to release destructive cytokines; antigens activate CTLs that kill target cell: 8 Actions include disrupting the ribosome-mRNA complex and inhibiting molecules from binding: 9 Platelets combine with drugs, forming a complex that is antigenic: 10 Hypersensitivity associated when host ingest or inhales antigens such as hives and hay fever 11 Sulfonamides with trimethoprim: 12 Drug-induced immune destruction of RBCs 13 Actions include blocking pathways and inhibiting metabolism; inhibits the production a precursor of folic acid 14 Hypersensitivity that results when an individual sensitized to an antigen is exposed to it again and treatment included epinephrine: 15 Actions include inhibiting enzymes that build and manufacture peptidoglycan or causing lysis to occur: 16 Polymixin 17 Actions include inhibit DNA replication, transcription, and disrupt nucleotide manufacture 18 Ciprofloxin: 19 Occur with swelling and inflammation due to injection of foreign serum: 20 Streptomycin 21 Pencillian 22 Actions: detergent effect; least commonly used due to the negative effect to all cells: 23 Antibodies and complement deposit in tissues: I 24 Study of hypersensitivity reactions 25 Autoantibodies, T cells, and macrophages attack myelin sheath of nerves: 26 Activation of complement by the combination of IgG or IgM antibodies with an antigenic cell and causes cell lysis by macrophages: Localized anaphylaxis hypersensitivity Cytotoxic reaction Target: Cell Wall Immune Complex Cytotoxic (Type II) Anaphylactic reaction Target: DNA and RNA Synthesis hemolyic anemia Target: Folic Acid Synthesis Thrombocytopenic purpura Systemic anaphylaxis Serum sickness immunopathology Target: Cell Wall Target: Cell Membrane Target: Protein Synthesis Delayed Cell-Mediated Cell-mediated (Type IV) Target: Cell Membrane Target: DNA and RNA Synthesis Target: DNA and RNA Synthesis immune Complex (Type III) Allergic contact dermatitis Cytotoxic (Type II) Target: Folic Acid Synthesis 1 The effect of two drugs together is less than the effect of either alone: 2 mounted response by the body against a specific reconginzed foreign molecule 3 fragment of megakaryoctye aid in repairing damaged Blood vessel 4 cell mediated immunity 5 antibody mediaed immunity 6 Finding and destroying pathogens without damaging the host: 7 Use of chemicals to treat a disease 8 smaller molecules that can combine to rereocgnized as antigen 9 specific pathogen, slower, memory 10 Drugs that affect a limited range of microbial types: 11 cytokines that infere with viral infections of host cells 12 Synthetic substances that interfere with the growth of microbes: 13 cytokines involved in the inflammation of autoimmune disease 14 Microbes with genetic characteristics allowing for their survival when exposed to an antibiotic: 15 Overgrowth of normal microbiota that is resistant to antibitoics: 16 cytokines between leukocytes 17 The effect of two drugs together is greater than the effect of either alone: 18 Substance produced by a microbe that, in small amounts can inhibit another microbe to grow: 19 cytokines that control stem cells that develop into erythrocytes and leuocytes 20 first and second lines of defenses physical and chemical 21 Bacteria that are resistant to large numbers of antibiotics: 22 Term that describes killing of microbes 23 Term that describes preventing microbial growth: 24 Drugs that affect a wide range of microbial types: 25 cytokines that induce migration of leukocytes hematopoeitic cytokines tumor necorosis factor alpha selective or adpative immunity interleukins superinfection superbug humoral response Narrow spectrum chemokines Chemotherapy innate immunity antimicrobial drugs broad spectrum synergism bacteriostatic adaptive immunity thrombocyte persister cells cellular response bactericidal Selective toxicity interferons hapten : Antagonism ntibiotic 1 fungi 2 one benfit, one unaffected 3 helminths 4 Produced by basophils, thrombocytes, and mast cells that increases the dilation and permeability of blood vessels 5 inapparent infection or an infection that has no noticebale signs or symptoms 6 development of disease 7 algae 8 Vasoactive mediator that is found in blood plasma that enhances other immune responses—cytolysis, opsonization, and inflammation 9 protoza 10 a generalized infection that began as a local one 11 exocrine gland secrection, allergic reactions 12 an abnormal state in which the body is not performing normal functions 13 B lymphocyte cellz, B cell avtivation 14 Found in the blood plasma and uses chemotaxis to recruit neutrophils 15 infection troughout body 16 Secreted from mast cells and basophils only to help attach phagocytes to pathogens 17 complete cel with nucelus fihgt aganst infections and disease 18 breast milk, saliva, tears 19 opportunistic infection after intial one 20 Secreted by fixed macrophages only to dilate and increase permeability of blood vessels 21 ABO antibodies 22 fluid and plasma 23 invasion or colonization of body by pathogen 24 blood positioning 25 Localized hormones will be secreted by damaged cells to intensify the effects of other vasoactive mediators and aid phagocytes in diapedesis commensalism secondary infection cytokines focal infection ig G kinnins prostaglandins saxitoxin, liver enzyme elevations infection leukotrines subclinical disease histamine disease mycotoxins, provoke allergic response, alkaloid toxins for hakllucinations ig E ig M wawste productsd = organ failure, nausuesa, fatigue leukocyte ig D ig A compliment activation systemic infections waste= blood and protein loss, used tissue for growth pathogensis septicemia 1 Lymphocytes that secrete antibodies 2 Provide a “no-delay” antibody-mediated response to future exposures to the same foreign antigen 3 infection while reciving helath care 4 formite 5 Lymphocytes that will stimulate other immunity cells by releasing chemicals called cytokines 6 soil and water sources 7 Lymphocytes that will recognize nonself antigens and release proteins to "drill" holes into foreign cells; mounts an attack on cancerous cells 8 airborne water borne food brone transmission 9 6 10 4 11 3 12 protein coat made upnof capsomeres 13 cause of disease 14 2 15 pathogen reproduces in vector, transmitted via bites or poop 16 airborne droplet less than a meter from reservor 17 study of disease 18 5 19 Provide a “no-delay” cell-mediated response to future exposures to the same foreign antigen 20 Lymphocytes that suppress T cells against self antigens, such as protecting intestinal bacteria required for digestion and protecting a fetus 21 1 22 complete, fully developed viral particle 23 passive transprt of pathogens on the arthropods body parts 24 transmission from mother to fetus or newborn at brith 25 Lymphocyte that can recognize antibodies on the surface of pathogens, attach, and secrete toxins around the pathogen to kill the pathogen veichle transmision mechanical transmission nosocomial release of enveloped viruses by budding or ruptur biology transmision droplet trnasmission memory t cels uncoaitng and rep=move capsid by enzyems memory b cells viron congenital transmission indirect contact transmission production of nucelic acid and proteins nonliving resoviours plasma b cells natural killer cels t reg. cells capsid enteres by receptor mediated endocytosis or fusion cytotoxic t cells etiology attachtment by to host cell membrane pathology capsid helper t cels nucleic acid and cpasid protens assmeb 1 Excavata that does not possess a mitochondria 2 Waste composting—rich in laccases 3 1 4 Protozoan that moves by pseudopods 5 Chronic diarrhea and keratoconjunctivitis 6 4 7 Excavata that are photoautotrophs or facultative chemotrophs 8 Can cause blindness, dysentery, and encephalitis 9 Club fungi 10 lacks mitochondria 11 Possess a red eyespot 12 Giardia 13 Common bread mold 14 3 15 Asexual—sporangiospore; sexually—zygospore 16 Excavata that possess a modified mitochondria called hydrogenosome 17 Complex life cycle: anopheles, sporozoite, merozoite, ring stage 18 2 19 Asexually—conidiospore; sexually—ascospore 20 human pathogens—skin infections, respiratory infections 21 Balantidium coli—human parasite 22 trichomas 23 Edible mushrooms, morels, and truffle 24 Causes malaria and toxoplasmosis 25 Locomotion via cilia apicocomplexa cillate euglenozoa amebae euglenozoa phage atttacthes by the tail fiber to host cell basidiomycota cilliate phahge lysozyeme open cell wall, tail contracts and forces dna into cell phage dna integrates with bacterial chromosome, prophage parabasalid zygomycota ascomycota micropodia infected bacterium reporudces and tranfers viral dna to offspring zygomycota diplomonad amebae parabasalid apicomplexa ascomycota microsporidia basidiomycota diplomonad ascomycota 1 ernst haeckel 2 Require large amounts of nutrients from anaerobic decomposition 3 nonpathogenci prokaryotes 4 methanogens 5 Capable of growing with very low levels of nutrients 6 pathogenic microbes 7 carl nageli 8 Small subgroup; includes sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRBs) 9 Blood fluke 10 plants 11 Requires small amounts of oxygen in their environment 12 hyperthermophiles 13 Taenia solium 14 Helminth that possess a scolex 15 Most diverse subgroup; large number of human pathogens 16 Lung fluke 17 woese 18 Vinegar eel 19 edourard chatton 20 murray 21 fungi 22 animals 23 whittaker 24 Heartworm 25 General name for flat leaf-shaped helminth Deltaproteobacteria Kingdom Prokaryotae archaea ukarya Classifying Bacteria and Fungi in Kingdom Plantae Coining the term "Prokaryote" Cestode Alphaproteobacteria Gammaproteobacteria nematoda Trematode bacteria Epsilonproteobacteria archea Betaproteobacteria 5-kingdom system \Paragonimus Schistosoma Nematoda cestode Domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya eukarya Kingdom Protista bacteria eukarya 1 2 2 Helminth with proglottids—male and female reproductive organs 3 General name for tapeworms 4 5 5 Hookworms 6 Enterobius vermicularis 7 3 8 1 9 Cylindrical and has a complete digestive system 10 4 cestode nematoda small cell loses ability to survive alone a larger prokaryotic cell engulfs a smaller prokaryotic cell larger cell does not digest smaller cell nematoda cestode engulfed cell will preform a specific function for larger cell nematoda smaller cell will become specialzed
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