Causes of the Cuban Revolution

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Key factors driving Cuba’s revolt.

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Samantha Bromfield

Jamaica

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Causes of the Cuban Revolution


Causes of the Cuban RevolutionVersion en ligne Key factors driving Cuba’s revolt. par Samantha Bromfield 1 A general cancels Cuba's upcoming presidential election, seizes power in a military coup, and declares himself ruler. Cuban democracy is suspended overnight. Who was this general, and why did his seizure of power ignite deep resentment among Cubans? a Fulgencio Batista- a former president who returned by force cancelling elections and ruling as a dictator b Ernesto 'Che' Guevara — an Argentine doctor who wanted to transform Cuba c José Martí — the national hero who inspired Cuban independence from Spain d Carlos Prío Socarrás — the president who peacefully stepped down for reform 2 Cuba's economy was heavily based on sugar. About 75% of Cuba's farmland was owned by either wealthy Cuban elites or foreign corporations — while most rural Cubans worked as poorly-paid labourers on land they would never own. Which term best describes this economic injustice that fuelled revolutionary anger? a Industrialisation — Cuba's factories were booming, creating new wealth for all social classes b Land inequality — a tiny landowning class controlled vast estates (latifundios) while millions of peasants lived in poverty c Land reform — the Batista government had already redistributed farmland fairly to peasants d Import substitution — Cuba successfully reduced its dependence on foreign goods 3 The United States had enormous economic and political influence over Cuba. American businesses owned utilities, railroads, telephone systems, and sugar mills. The U.S. government supported Batista's regime. How did U.S. dominance contribute to revolutionary sentiment? a U.S. investment created so many jobs that Cubans were grateful, reducing revolutionary appeal b American companies paid high wages, raising living standards across all Cuban social classes c The U.S. pressured Batista to hold free elections, which calmed political tensions d Many Cubans saw U.S. influence as neo-colonialism — profits flowed to Americans while Cuban workers stayed poor, stoking nationalism 4 Batista's secret police (the SIM — Servicio de Inteligencia Militar) tortured and murdered political opponents. Corruption was rampant — police, judges, and officials took bribes. Civil liberties were crushed. How did Batista's repression backfire and strengthen the revolution? a The repression successfully crushed all opposition; it was only external forces that revived the rebellion b Most Cubans supported Batista's crackdown because they feared communist revolution more than dictatorship c Brutal repression radicalised moderates — even Cubans who feared revolution came to see armed resistance as the only option d International isolation forced Batista to ease repression, making Cuba more stable over time 5 A young lawyer named Fidel Castro led 160 rebels in an attack on the Moncada Barracks — Cuba's second-largest military garrison. The attack failed and most rebels were captured or killed. But Castro turned his trial into a platform. What famous declaration did Castro make at his trial, and why did it matter? a "History will absolve me" — Castro delivered a 4-hour speech outlining the revolution's goals, transforming defeat into a political manifesto b Castro confessed all guilt and begged for mercy, emerging as a broken figure who later regrouped c Castro denied involvement entirely and was acquitted, allowing him to organise openly d Castro declared he was acting on behalf of the Soviet Union, revealing foreign support for the revolt 6 Havana appeared glamorous — casinos, nightclubs, and luxury hotels catered to wealthy tourists and elites. But nearby, thousands lived in overcrowded slums (cuarterías) without clean water or sanitation. Unemployment ran as high as 25%. How did urban inequality contribute to the revolutionary cause? a Havana's wealth showed the success of capitalism; the poor were content because living standards were rising steadily b Batista implemented effective urban housing programmes that largely solved slum conditions by 1956 c The stark contrast between elite luxury and slum poverty created class resentment, making urban workers and the poor receptive to the revolution's message of equality d The urban poor were uninterested in revolution — the revolutionary movement was only a rural peasant movement 7 The University of Havana was a hotbed of political activism. Student groups like the Revolutionary Directorate (Directorio Revolucionario) staged protests, strikes, and even armed attacks on Batista's government. Police shot students on campus grounds. Why were Cuban students such a powerful force in the revolutionary movement? a Students were educated enough to articulate the revolution's ideology, idealistic enough to risk their lives, and had institutional networks across the country b Students were mostly apolitical; their involvement was exaggerated by Castro's propaganda c The student movement was loyal to Batista because university funding came from his government d Students only joined the revolution in 1958, well after the peasant and worker movement had already succeeded 8 After being released from prison (1955) and exiled, Castro landed in Cuba with just 82 fighters aboard the yacht Granma. Most were killed or scattered. Only about 20 survivors made it to the Sierra Maestra mountains. Yet within two years, this tiny band toppled Batista's army of 40,000. What combination of factors allowed the guerrillas to succeed against such overwhelming odds? a Cuba's army refused to fight because soldiers admired Castro personally, making the campaign nearly bloodless b The U.S. military withdrew support from Batista specifically to help Castro's forces achieve victory c The guerrillas secretly received military training and equipment from the Soviet Red Army stationed in Cuba d Peasant support, guerrilla tactics, Batista's military failures and desertion, growing urban resistance, and international press coverage that built public opposition

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Causes of the Cuban Revolution

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À propos de cette activité

Créé par

Téléchargez la version pour jouer sur papier

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Causes of the Cuban RevolutionVersion en ligne

par Samantha Bromfield

A general cancels Cuba's upcoming presidential election, seizes power in a military coup, and declares himself ruler. Cuban democracy is suspended overnight. Who was this general, and why did his seizure of power ignite deep resentment among Cubans?

The United States had enormous economic and political influence over Cuba. American businesses owned utilities, railroads, telephone systems, and sugar mills. The U.S. government supported Batista's regime. How did U.S. dominance contribute to revolutionary sentiment?

Batista's secret police (the SIM — Servicio de Inteligencia Militar) tortured and murdered political opponents. Corruption was rampant — police, judges, and officials took bribes. Civil liberties were crushed. How did Batista's repression backfire and strengthen the revolution?