Relier Pairs Week 2 Cardiovascular System Diseases & Drug TherapyVersion en ligne Heart diseases Brief anatomy of cardiovascular system Drug treatments Non pharmaceutical treatments par Audree Dulnuan 1 Reading blood pressure 2 Alpha tocopherol (vitamin E) 3 Atria 4 Systolic blood pressure 5 Action potential 6 Depolarization 7 Diastolic blood pressure 8 Plant sterol esters 9 Garlic 10 Artery 11 Red yeast rice 12 Vein 13 Repolarization 14 Feedback mechanisms 15 Ventricles Systolic over diastolic pressure Flow of positively charged sodium & calcium ions into the cell Pump blood to the lungs or other body tissues through the arteries Treats atherosclerosis, hypertension, skin fungal infections, & some cancers Lowers cholesterol & improve cardiovascular health Electrical signal that causes cardiac muscle to contract Flow of positively charged potassium ions out of the cell Antioxidant for cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetic, neuropathy Carries blood from tissues back to the heart Measures the pressure when the heart contracts & ejects blood Capacitance, Cardiac Output (CO), Peripheral vascular resistance, renin angiotensin Measures the pressure when the heart relaxes & fills Lowers LDL cholesterol Receive blood brought to the heart from the veins Carries blood away from the heart to the body 1 (ACE) Angiotensin- Converting Enzyme 2 Calcium Channel Blockers 3 (ARBS) Angiotensin Receptors Blockers 4 Hypertension 5 Thiazide diuretics 6 Direct renin inhibitor 7 Beta-Blockers 8 Alpha-blockers Beneficial in men w benign prostatic hypertrophy Ends w Pine, injections: diltiazem, verapamil. Bradycardia, nausea, constipation. Fluid retention Aliskiren (Tekturna). Diarrhea, skin rash, don’t use pregnant. Ends w Olol. acebutolol, atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol used in asthma & COPD Ends w Pril. Hyperkalemia, hypotension Ends w Tan. Headache, dizzy, don’t use pregnant Lowers blood pressure by eliminating sodium & water from the body Elevation of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, or both (called the silent killer) 1 Flutter 2 Bradycardia 3 Atropine 4 Sodium Channel Blockers (Class I Antiarrhyttmics 5 Beta-blockers & Calcium Channels Blockers 6 Arrythmia 7 Digoxin 8 Potassium channel blockers (Class III Antiarrhythmics) 9 Sinus rhythm 10 Fibrillation 11 Tachycardia Low dose may worsen bradycardia, high dose may increase heart rate too much Decreased heart rate Ends w ide. Reserved for life threatening arrhythmias. Increased heart rate Ends w one. Amiodarone: fatal toxicities to lungs, liver & heart. Dronedarone: not used w symptomatic heart failure Select portions of the heart beat slightly out of sequence Deviation from normal sinus rhythm Large portions of heart beat out of sequence Also used w hypertension & arrhythmias Normal heart rhythm Used in atrial flutter or fibrillation. Antidote is DigiFab 1 Ranolazine (ranexa) 2 Anticoagulants, ACE, Beta-Blockers, Calcium Channel blockers 3 Acute MI 4 Nitrates 5 Angina pectoris 6 Chronic therapy 7 Myocardial infarction When cardiac muscle is deprived of oxygen long enough that cells die or infarct ISDN, ISMN, nitroglycerin. Short acting: not swallowed, angina, MI. Long acting: angina attacks Medical emergency: oxygen, nitroglycerin, aspirin Chest pain caused my myocardial ischemia Anticoagulants, beta blockers, ACE, antihyperlipidemics, nitrates Also used for hypertension, arrhythmias, & Angina except anticoagulants For chronic angina in combination w other drugs. Edema, palpitations, bradycardia 1 Aldosterone Antagonist 2 Loop diuretics 3 Digoxin 4 (ARNIS) Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibitors 5 ACE, Angiotensin Receptor, Beta Blockers 6 Hydralazine w nitrate 7 Heart failure Also used in arrhythmias & heart failure The heart is no longer able to pump enough oxygen rich blood to meet the body’s need Also used in hypertension, arrhythmia, angina, & heart failure Sacubitril & Valsartan (Entresto). Not used pregnant, dizzy, falling Produce fast & profound diuresis by inhibiting reabsorption of sodium, chloride, & water in the kidneys Increase urine production by inhibiting the hormone aldosterone Also used in agina & MI 1 HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins) 2 High density lipoprotein (HDL) 3 Low density lipoprotein (LDL) 4 Fibril Acid Derivatives 5 Bile acid Sequestrants 6 Omega 3 fatty acids (epanova, lovaza, vascepa 7 Ezetimibe (zetia) 8 Cholesterol 9 Atherosclerosis Narrowing of arteries due to deposits of cholesterol & fat on their inner surfaces Ends w statin. GI upset, muscle pain/ weakness. Increases blood glucose, myopathy, rhabdomyolysis For hypertriglyceridemia. Bad breath, GI upset, caution w fish/ shellfish allergy Good cholesterol Odourless, white, wax like, present in all animal food but not plant fenofibrate, fenofibric, gemfibrozil. GI upset, muscle cramps. Not used w gallbladder problem Cholestyramine, colesevelam. Flu like symptoms, constipation Bad cholesterol Lowers cholesterol inhibits absorption in small intestines. Respiratory infections, pain in joints, caution w liver/kidney disease 1 Thrombolytics 2 Ischemic stroke 3 Thrombus 4 Embolus 5 Pulmonary embolism (PE) 6 DVT symptoms 7 Transient ischemic attack (TIA) 8 Anticoagulants & anti platelets 9 Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) 10 Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or stroke 11 Hemorrhagic stroke Blood clot that stays where it originated Reduces risk of blood clots: warfarin, heparin, aspirin, plavix Swelling, discolouration, pain Dissolved formed clots Formation of blood clot in one or more deep veins A piece of cloth that breaks off & travels to the lung or blocks arteries Blood clot that circulates in the blood Blood vessel that supplies an area of the brain ruptured, bleeding in or around the brain Interrupts oxygen supply to a localized area of the brain Blood clot obstructs a blood vessel supplying the brain, ischemia or infarction Brief interruption in blood flow to an area of the brain 1 Thrombolytic Agents 2 Direct Thrombin Inhibitors 3 Mephyton Vitamin K or phytonadione 4 Glycoprotein Antagonist 5 Vitamin K Antagonist 6 Heparin & LMWH’s 7 Dabigatran (pradaxa) 8 Factor Xa Inhibitors 9 Antiplatelet agents Hemorrhage, risk of thrombotic events, antidote: idarucizumab Clopidogrel (plavix) discontinue prior surgery risk of bleeding, ticagrelor, prasugrel High alert injections Epitifibatide: bleeding & thrombocytepenia. tirofiban: bleeding & hypersensitivity Warfarin (coumadin) lessions, purple/blue toe syndrome, avoid alc & vitamin K Deltaparin, enoxaparin. Bruising, bleeding, antidote: protamine sulfate Apixaban, edoxaban, rivaroxaban. Antidote: andexanet Injections alteplase, tenecteplase, vomiting, allergy, arrhythmias, fever Bivalirudin (angiomax) headache, nausea, bleeding & back pain Warfarin reversal
Match the description to the correct Amendment from the Bill of Rights.