Relier Pairs WW2 Study Sheet - 12/2025Version en ligne WW2 Study Sheet - 12/2025 par ETHAN ZINK 1 Birth of modern psychology 2 How does WWI change the way people think about PSYCHOLOGY? 3 How does WWI change the way people think about HUMANS? 4 Albert Einstein 5 How does WWI change the way people think about SCIENCE? 6 How does WWI change the way people think about LEADERS? 7 Sigmund Freud 8 How does WWI change the way people think about WAR? 9 Atomic age 10 Typical reactions by humans to death 11 Darwinism WWI transformed war from heroic glory to futile, mechanized slaughter, eroding faith in its nobility and inevitability. Austrian neurologist, founder of psychoanalysis, explored unconscious mind, id/ego/superego. WWI revealed that it could be used as horrific weapons like poison gas, breeding ambivalence toward technology. Post-WWII era starting 1945 with atomic bombs, marked by nuclear power promise, Cold War fear, and cultural optimism/terror. German-born physicist, developed relativity theories, E=mc², Nobel Prize 1921. WWI eroded trust in leaders, exposing their incompetence, deceit, and willingness to sacrifice millions in futile carnage. WWI showed trauma as a real psychological injury, legitimizing mental health issues and shifting psychology toward applied, trauma-focused science. shock, denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance In 1879 when Wilhelm Wundt founded the first experimental lab in Leipzig. Theory of evolution by natural selection—species evolve via variation, inheritance, and survival of the fittest. WWI shattered pre-war optimism in human progress and rationality, revealing humanity's capacity for barbaric, industrialized mass destruction. 1 Buying on margin 2 Colonialism 3 Dust Bowl 4 The Great Crash 5 The Great Depression 6 Globalization of economies 7 Hyperinflation 8 Hoovervilles 9 Reparations 10 Social Dariwinism 11 Government debt growth 1929-1939 global economic crash after stock market collapse, causing mass unemployment, poverty, and bank failures Increase in a government's total borrowed funds over time, often due to budget deficits, measured as rising debt-to-GDP ratio. Extreme rapid price rise. Integration of national economies via trade, investment, technology, and capital flows across borders. Shanty towns built by homeless during Great Depression (1930s), named mockingly after President Hoover, blamed for economic woes. Policy of powerful nations acquiring and dominating foreign territories for economic exploitation, settlement, and control. The 1929 Wall Street stock market collapse, triggering the Great Depression and global economic crisis. Purchasing stocks with borrowed money from a broker, paying only a fraction upfront; amplifies gains/losses. 19th-century theory applying Darwin's "survival of the fittest" to society, justifying inequality, imperialism, and laissez-faire capitalism. 1930s severe dust storms in US Great Plains from drought and poor farming, causing ecological disaster and mass migration. Compensation paid by a defeated nation for war damages. 1 Allied powers 2 Run on the banks 3 Pacifism 4 Battle of the Bulge 5 League of Nations 6 Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act (1930) 7 Standard of living gap 8 The Treaty of Versailles 9 War Debt 10 Axis powers 11 Personal debt growth US law raising tariffs on imports to protect farmers/industry, but worsened Great Depression via global trade war. First global organization to promote peace post-WWI; failed to prevent WWII, replaced by UN. The disparity in access to goods, services, and quality of life between rich and poor individuals or nations. Hitler's last major WWII offensive in Ardennes; Allies repelled despite surprise. Increase in household borrowing (mortgages, credit cards, loans) over time, fueling short-term economic expansion but risking slowdowns if excessive. Belief that war and violence are unjustifiable; promotes peace through nonviolent means and opposition to all conflict. Post-WWI loans from US to Allies for war costs, plus German reparations; caused economic strain in interwar era. In WWII, US, UK, USSR, China vs Axis. Mass panic withdrawals by depositors fearing bank failure, often worsening insolvency. Iconic in Great Depression. WWII alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan (later others), opposing the Allies; formed by 1940 pacts. Peace treaty ending WWI, imposed harsh terms on Germany, redrew maps, created League of Nations. 1 D-Day 2 Hiroshima 3 Hitler vs The Soviet Union 4 Final Solution 5 Brown Shirts 6 Emperor Hirohito 7 Fascism 8 Black Shirts 9 Battle of Midway 10 Erwin Rommel 11 Blitzkrieg Mussolini's fascist paramilitary in Italy, used violence to crush opponents and seize power. WWII Eastern Front (1941-45), from Operation Barbarossa invasion to Soviet victory, bloodiest theater. Japanese city hit by first atomic bomb on Aug 6, 1945, killing ~140k; ended WWII, ushered nuclear era. WWII German tactic using fast tanks, aircraft, and infantry for rapid, overwhelming breakthroughs. Nickname for the SA (Sturmabteilung), Nazi paramilitary group; intimidated opponents, helped Hitler's rise, purged in 1934. Far-right ideology exalting nation over individual, with dictatorial leader, ultranationalism, militarism, and suppression of opposition. Decisive WWII naval battle where US forces sank 4 Japanese carriers, turning Pacific War tide. Japan's Shōwa Emperor, reigned 1926-1989; led during WWII, announced surrender in 1945. German field marshal, "Desert Fox" for North Africa tactics in WWII, forced suicide over plot suspicions. June 6, 1944, Allied invasion of Normandy beaches in WWII, largest amphibious assault, turning point against Nazis. Nazi plan in WWII for systematic genocide of Jews, resulting in the Holocaust and 6 million deaths. 1 Island hopping 2 Holocaust 3 League of Nations 4 Non-aggression Pact 5 Manchuria 6 Normandy Invasion 7 Iwo Jima 8 Mussolini 9 Maginot Line 10 Mein Kampf 11 Nagasaki WWII US strategy in Pacific, bypassing strong Japanese islands to seize weaker ones closer to Japan. Japanese city, site of second atomic bomb on Aug 9, 1945, killing ~70,000; now a vibrant port promoting peace. Allied forces' massive amphibious assault on Nazi-occupied France, turning point in WWII. Volcanic Pacific island; site of fierce 1945 WWII battle where US Marines captured it from Japan, iconic flag-raising. Northeast China region; site of 1931 Japanese invasion, puppet state Manchukuo. Nazi-Soviet pact of non-aggression, secretly dividing Eastern Europe; enabled WWII start. Nazi Germany's systematic genocide of 6 million Jews and millions others during WWII. Post-WWI international body to promote peace and cooperation; failed due to weak enforcement, led to UN. Adolf Hitler's 1925 autobiographical manifesto outlining his antisemitic ideology, Nazi goals, and plans for German dominance. Italian dictator, founder of Fascism, ruled 1922-1943, allied with Hitler in WWII. Massive French defensive fortifications built 1930s along German border; bypassed by Nazis in 1940 WWII invasion. 1 Roosevelt 2 Pearl Harbor 3 Patton 4 V-J Day 5 The Nuremburg Trials 6 RAF 7 Rhineland 8 Stalin 9 Okinawa 10 Totalitarian 11 Operation Overlord Political system with absolute state control over all life aspects, one-party rule, no opposition, via propaganda/terror. Victory over Japan Day, Aug 14/15, 1945, celebrating Japan's surrender, ending WWII with massive public joy. Southernmost Japanese prefecture, chain of subtropical islands known for unique Ryukyu culture, beaches, WWII history, and US bases. Dec 7, 1941 Japanese surprise attack on US naval base in Hawaii, killing 2,403, prompting US entry into WWII. WWII Allied invasion of Normandy on D-Day, largest amphibious assault, turning point in Europe. US President who led through Great Depression with New Deal and WWII. Royal Air Force, UK's aerial warfare force, founded 1918. Famous for Battle of Britain in WWII. Soviet dictator 1924-1953, industrialized USSR, won WWII, responsible for millions of deaths in purges. U.S. Army general famed for bold tank warfare in WWII, leading Third Army across Europe. Post-WWII Allied courts prosecuting Nazi leaders for war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. Demilitarized region along the Rhine River in western Germany, remilitarized by Hitler in 1936, violating Versailles Treaty. 1 DTR: December 7,1941 2 DTR: September 27,1939 3 5 Year Plan 4 Winston Churchill 5 DTR: August 9, 1945 6 DTR: May 8, 1945 7 DTR: August 6, 1945 8 DTR: June 6, 1944 9 V-E Day 10 DTR: August 15, 1945 British PM during WWII, led UK to victory over Nazis, famed orator, Nobel in Literature. DTR: Warsaw surrenders to Nazi Germany after intense bombardment in WWII invasion of Poland; 140,000 troops captured. DTR: Japan surrendered after atomic bombs, ending WWII. Global celebrations erupted. DTR: Victory in Europe (VE) Day, marking Nazi Germany's surrender, end of WWII in Europe; massive celebrations worldwide. DTR: Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, killing 2,403 Americans, sinking battleships, and propelling the US into WWII. DTR: D-Day, Allied invasion of Normandy beaches in WWII, largest amphibious assault, turning point against Nazi Germany. DTR: US drops "Fat Man" atomic bomb on Nagasaki, Japan, killing ~40,000 instantly; hastened WWII end. Victory in Europe Day, celebrating Nazi Germany's unconditional surrender, ending WWII in Europe. Soviet central economic planning (1928+) under Stalin to rapidly industrialize via ambitious production targets. DTR: US dropped atomic bomb "Little Boy" on Hiroshima, killing ~70,000 instantly, ushering in nuclear era.
