Relier Pairs APES Unit 4Version en ligne 66 Vocab Words par Riley 1 Igneous rock 2 Seafloor Spreading 3 Volcano 4 Island arc 5 Tsunami 6 Collision zone 7 Mantle 8 Subduction 9 Core 10 Lithosphere 11 Hot spot 12 Metamorphic rock 13 Fault 14 Magma 15 Rock cycle 16 Divergent Boundary 17 Earthquake 18 Convergent Boundary 19 Plate tectonics 20 Asthenosphere 21 Transform boundary 22 Sedimentary rock Rock that forms when sedimentary rock, igneous rock, or other metamorphic rock is subjected to high temperature and pressure. The innermost zone of Earth's interior, composed mostly of iron and nickel. It includes a liquid outer layer and a solid inner layer. An area where two continental plates are pushed together and the colliding forces push up the crust to form a mountain range. A sudden movement of Earth's crust caused by a release of potential energy from the movement of tectonic plates. geologic cycle governing constant formation, alteration, and destruction of rock that results from tectonics, weathering, and erosion. An area where tectonic plates move sideways past each other. A chain of islands formed by volcanoes as a result of two tectonic plates coming together and experiencing subduction. A vent in the surface of Earth that emits ash, gases, or molten lava. The process in which the edge of an oceanic plate moves downward beneath the continental plate and is pushed toward the center of Earth. Rock formed directly from magma. Molten Rock In geology, a place where molten material from Earth's mantle reaches the lithosphere. The layer of Earth located in the outer part of the mantle, composed of semi-molten rock. The layer of Earth above the core, containing magma, the asthenosphere, and the solid upper mantle. The theory that the lithosphere of Earth is divided into plates, most of which are in constant motion. Rock that forms when sediments such as muds, sands, or gravels are compressed by overlying sediments. An area where one plate moves toward another plate and collides. The outermost layer of Earth, including the solid upper mantle and crust. An area below the ocean where tectonic plates move away from each other. A fracture in rock caused by a movement of Earth's crust. A series of waves in the ocean caused by seismic activity or an undersea volcano that causes a massive displacement of water. Caused by a divergent boundary, in which rising magma forms new oceanic crust on the seafloor at the boundaries between those plates. 1 Physical Weathering 2 A horizon 3 C horizon 4 Chemical Weathering 5 Permeability 6 O horizon 7 Humus 8 Porosity 9 E horizon 10 Horizon 11 Cation exchange capacity (CEC) 12 Erosion 13 B horizon 14 Watershed 15 Acid Precipitation 16 Stratosphere 17 Parent material 18 Water holding capacity 19 Isolation 20 Base saturation 21 Troposphere 22 Albedo Incoming solar radiation, which is the main source of energy on Earth. The least-weathered soil horizon, which always occurs beneath the B horizon and is similar to the parent material. The proportion of soil bases to soil acids, expressed as a percentage. The ability of a particular soil to adsorb and release cations. The ability of water to move through the soil. A zone of leaching, or eluviation, found in some acidic soils under the O horizon or, less often, the A horizon. The amount of water a soil can hold against the draining force of gravity. The organic horizon at the surface of many soils, composed of organic detritus in various stages of decomposition. A horizontal layer in a soil defined by distinctive physical features such as color and texture. Frequently the top layer of soil, a zone of organic material and minerals that have been mixed together. Also known as Topsoil. The breakdown of rocks and minerals by chemical reactions, the dissolving of chemical elements from rocks, or both these processes. Precipitation high in sulfuric acid and nitric acid. Also known as Acid rain. A layer of the atmosphere closest to the surface of Earth, extending up to approximately 16 km (10 miles). Commonly known as subsoil, a soil horizon is composed primarily of mineral material with very little organi matter. The underlying rock material from which the inorganic components of a soil are derived. The most fully decomposed organic matter in the lowest section of the O horizon. The percentage of incoming sunlight reflected from a surface. The size of the air spaces between particles. The mechanical breakdown of rocks and minerals. The physical removal of rock fragments from a landscape or ecosystem. The layer of the atmosphere above the troposphere, extending roughly 16 to 50 km (10-31 miles) above the surface of Earth. All the land in an area that drains into a particular stream, river, lake, or wetland. 1 Adiabatic cooling 2 Hadley cell 3 Rain shadow 4 El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) 5 Mesosphere 6 Thermosphere 7 Thermohaline circulation 8 Intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) 9 La Niña 10 Ozone 11 Ferrell cell 12 Polar cell 13 Carbon sequestration 14 Coriolis effect 15 Saturation point 16 Adiabatic heating 17 Exosphere 18 Atmospheric convection current 19 Latent heat release 20 Aqueducts 21 Gyre 22 Upwelling The deflection of an object's path due to the rotation of Earth. A large-scale pattern of water circulation that moves clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. A convection current in the atmosphere that lies between Hadley cells and polar cells. The cooling effect of reduced pressure on air as it rises higher in the atmosphere and expands. The maximum amount of water vapor in the air at a given temperature. Global patterns of air movement that are initiated by the unequal heating of Earth. Pipes and canals that move water from where it is abundant to areas where it is scarce. A convection current in the atmosphere, formed by air that rises at 60° N and 60°S and sinks at the poles, 90° N and 90° S. The layer of the atmosphere above the stratosphere, extending roughly 50 to 85 km (31-53 miles) above the surface of Earth. The capture and long-term storage of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. region w dry conditions found on the leeward side of a mountain range as a result of humid winds from the ocean causing precipitation on windward side The latitude that receives the most intense sunlight, which causes the ascending branches of the two Hadley cells to converge. The layer of the atmosphere above the mesosphere, extending 85 to 600 km (53-375 miles) above the surface of Earth. The upward movement of ocean water toward the surface as a result of diverging currents. Following an El Niño event, trade winds in the South Pacific reverse strongly, causing regions that were hot and dry to become cooler and wetter. A convection current in the atmosphere that cycles between the equator and 30° N and 30° S. A pale blue gas composed of molecules made up of three oxygen atoms (03). The release of energy when water vapor in the atmosphere condenses into liquid water. The outermost layer of the atmosphere, which extends from 600 to 10,000 km (375-6,200 miles) above the surface of Earth. A reversal of wind and water currents in the South Pacific. The heating effect of increased pressure on air as it sinks toward the surface of Earth and decreases in volume. An oceanic circulation pattern that drives the mixing of surface water and deep water.
Match the description to the correct Amendment from the Bill of Rights.