Usborne Internet-Linked Romans - The End of the Roman Republic

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Usborne Internet-Linked Romans - The End of the Roman Republic

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Vijo Gor

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Usborne Internet-Linked Romans - The End of the Roman Republic


Usborne Internet-Linked Romans - The End of the Roman RepublicVersion en ligne Usborne Internet-Linked Romans - The End of the Roman Republic par Vijo Gor 1 What led to Rome's main problems as its territories expanded? a Peace with Carthage b Too many temples were built c Struggles for power between the Senate, equites, and plebeians d The end of slavery 2 What effect did the wars with Carthage have on small farmers? a They were rewarded with new land b They became rich from trade c Their farms were ruined and many went bankrupt d They were freed from military service 3 What happened to much of the ruined farmland after the wars? a It was abandoned and turned into forests b It was taken over by wealthy landowners who used slaves c It was sold to soldiers d It became state-owned 4 Why did this create a shortage of soldiers in Rome? a Foreigners refused to fight b The Senate banned military recruitment c Only landowners could serve in the army d The slaves replaced the soldiers 5 What two political groups in the Senate opposed each other — first during the Gracchi brothers’ time and later in the late Republic? a Equites and Provincials b Slaves and Freedmen c Boni and Populares, later known as Optimates and Populares d Patricians and Plebeians 6 What did both the Optimates and the Populares really want? a To abolish the army b To share power equally c To restore the monarchy d To gain personal power over Rome 7 What did Tiberius Gracchus propose in 133 BC? a Giving land back to poor Romans from the rich b Invading Greece c Abolishing the Senate d Making plebeians pay new taxes 8 What happened to Tiberius Gracchus? a He was elected consul b He fled to Carthage c He became dictator d He was killed in riots provoked by senators 9 What did Gaius Gracchus, Tiberius’s brother, try to do? a Pass laws limiting senatorial power b Create new provinces c Build temples to Jupiter d End slavery 10 What happened to Gaius Gracchus? a He joined the army b He became consul c He was exiled d He was also killed for his reforms 11 How were the Gracchus brothers in Rome similar to Solon and Cleisthenes in Ancient Greece? a All focused on building temples instead of changing laws b All ruled as kings who abolished democracy c All tried to reform society to reduce inequality between rich and poor d All founded new empires through conquest 12 What key difference separates the Roman reformers Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus from the Greek reformers Solon and Cleisthenes? a The Gracchi abolished slavery, but Solon and Cleisthenes did not b The Greeks focused on religion, the Romans on trade c The Gracchi were killed for their reforms, while Solon and Cleisthenes succeeded in establishing fairer systems d The Gracchi fought wars abroad, while Solon and Cleisthenes stayed in Athens 13 Who was Marius, and what was his great achievement? a A plebeian farmer who became consul b A senator who ended slavery c A general who reformed the army to allow all citizens to enlist d A tribune who wrote the Twelve Tables 14 Why did Marius’s army reform change politics in Rome? a Soldiers became more loyal to their generals than to the Republic b The Senate gained control over the army c Generals lost all influence d The army stopped fighting 15 What rule did Marius break when he was re-elected consul? a He stayed in office for several consecutive years b He allowed women to vote c He became dictator for life d He banned tribunes 16 Who became consul in 88 BC and led the army against Mithridates? a Crassus b Pompey c Caesar d Sulla 17 What caused conflict between Marius and Sulla? a Marius tried to crown himself king b Sulla joined the Populares c Sulla refused to serve in the army d The Senate gave command of the army to Marius instead of Sulla 18 What did Sulla do when he lost command to Marius? a He marched his army on Rome and seized power b He joined Pompey in Spain c He assassinated Caesar d He went into exile 19 What did Marius do after Sulla left for war? a He rebuilt the Senate b He fled to Gaul c He returned to Rome, seized power, and executed Sulla’s supporters d He became a peaceful leader 20 When Sulla returned to Rome in 84 BC, what did he do? a He created peace between parties b He destroyed his enemies and ruled as dictator c He joined Caesar’s army d He surrendered to Marius 21 What did Sulla do after two years as dictator? a Abolished slavery b Moved the capital to Greece c Gave power back to the Senate and retired d Became king of Rome 22 Who undermined Sulla's arrangements after his death? a Cicero b Brutus c Pompey d Augustus 23 What two events made Pompey famous? a His election as dictator b His conquest of Gaul c His victories in Spain and crushing Spartacus's slave revolt d His defeat by Caesar and exile 24 What did Pompey and Crassus do in 70 BC after becoming consuls? a Invaded Greece b Ended slavery c Crowned themselves co-kings d Restored power to the tribunes and repealed Sulla's laws 25 Who formed an alliance called the Triumvirate in 60 BC that changed Roman politics? a Hannibal, Scipio, and Cato b The Optimates, Plebeians, and Equites c Marius, Sulla, and Brutus d Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar 26 What did Caesar do after serving as consul? a Retired to private life b Invaded Egypt c Became a senator in Greece d Governed Gaul and expanded Roman territory 27 What caused conflict between Caesar and Pompey later on? a Pompey refused to fight wars b They disagreed about slavery c Caesar wanted to marry Pompey's daughter d The Senate turned them against each other out of fear of Caesar's power. 28 What did Caesar do in 49 BC when the Senate ordered him to disband his army? a He fled to Spain b He crossed the Rubicon and started a civil war. c He retired from politics d He surrendered peacefully 29 What happened to Pompey after Caesar's invasion? a He made peace with Caesar b He was exiled to Sicily c He was defeated and later killed. d He became emperor 30 What changes did Caesar make after gaining control? a He gave all land to the Senate b He disbanded the army c He moved the capital to Egypt d He passed laws to help the poor and improve administration. 31 Why did some senators plot to kill Caesar? a He refused to share power b He had lost a war in Gaul c They feared he was acting like a king and threatening the Republic. d He made peace with Pompey 32 Who led the group of senators who murdered Caesar? a Brutus and Cassius. b Pompey and Crassus c Cicero and Cato d Augustus and Antony 33 What was the result of Caesar's assassination on March 15, 44 BC? a Slavery was abolished b Rome became peaceful c The Senate restored democracy d Another civil war that ended the Republic. 34 Who took over after Caesar's death and created a new dictatorship as the first Emperor? a Pompey b Cicero c Octavian (Caesar's heir). d Brutus 35 The word “fascism” comes from the Latin fasces, the Roman symbol of a consul’s authority (an axe bound with rods). How did 20th-century fascists reuse the Roman idea of dictatorship, and how did it differ from the Roman Republic one? a Fascists like Mussolini and Hitler copied the Roman symbols and admired the idea of absolute authority, but unlike Rome’s temporary dictators, fascist leaders wanted to make their power permanent like Caesar b Fascists rejected all Roman symbols and ruled through democracy instead c The Roman dictators ruled by elections, while fascists ruled by religion d Both were short-term military offices created only for war emergencies 36 George Lucas said the Star Wars prequels trilogy was inspired by the fall of the Roman Republic. What are the main similarities between the two? a A corrupt Senate, endless wars, and fear made people accept a single strong ruler who promised order, just like Palpatine became Emperor after the Clone Wars and Caesar after the civil wars b Both were stories of peaceful republics that stayed democratic forever c The Republic in Star Wars was based on ancient Egypt, not Rome d Lucas wanted to celebrate the triumph of monarchy rather than warn against it 37 How are Julius Caesar and Palpatine similar? a Both rose during crises, used promises of stability to take control, and turned republics into empires b Caesar ruled kindly while Palpatine ruled kindly too c Palpatine and Caesar believed in democracy d Both were emperors chosen freely by the Senate

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Usborne Internet-Linked Romans - The End of the Roman RepublicVersion en ligne

par Vijo Gor

What led to Rome's main problems as its territories expanded?

What effect did the wars with Carthage have on small farmers?

What happened to much of the ruined farmland after the wars?

Why did this create a shortage of soldiers in Rome?

What two political groups in the Senate opposed each other — first during the Gracchi brothers’ time and later in the late Republic?

What did both the Optimates and the Populares really want?

What did Tiberius Gracchus propose in 133 BC?

What happened to Tiberius Gracchus?

What did Gaius Gracchus, Tiberius’s brother, try to do?

What happened to Gaius Gracchus?

How were the Gracchus brothers in Rome similar to Solon and Cleisthenes in Ancient Greece?

What key difference separates the Roman reformers Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus from the Greek reformers Solon and Cleisthenes?

Who was Marius, and what was his great achievement?

Why did Marius’s army reform change politics in Rome?

What rule did Marius break when he was re-elected consul?

Who became consul in 88 BC and led the army against Mithridates?

What caused conflict between Marius and Sulla?

What did Sulla do when he lost command to Marius?

What did Marius do after Sulla left for war?

When Sulla returned to Rome in 84 BC, what did he do?

What did Sulla do after two years as dictator?

Who undermined Sulla's arrangements after his death?

What two events made Pompey famous?

What did Pompey and Crassus do in 70 BC after becoming consuls?

Who formed an alliance called the Triumvirate in 60 BC that changed Roman politics?

What did Caesar do after serving as consul?

What caused conflict between Caesar and Pompey later on?

What did Caesar do in 49 BC when the Senate ordered him to disband his army?

What happened to Pompey after Caesar's invasion?

What changes did Caesar make after gaining control?

Why did some senators plot to kill Caesar?

Who led the group of senators who murdered Caesar?

What was the result of Caesar's assassination on March 15, 44 BC?

Who took over after Caesar's death and created a new dictatorship as the first Emperor?

The word “fascism” comes from the Latin fasces, the Roman symbol of a consul’s authority (an axe bound with rods). How did 20th-century fascists reuse the Roman idea of dictatorship, and how did it differ from the Roman Republic one?

George Lucas said the Star Wars prequels trilogy was inspired by the fall of the Roman Republic. What are the main similarities between the two?

How are Julius Caesar and Palpatine similar?