HYDROMETEROLOGY (LESSON 2.2)

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MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF PRECIPITATION

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Grace Balahay

United States

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HYDROMETEROLOGY (LESSON 2.2)


HYDROMETEROLOGY (LESSON 2.2)Version en ligne MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF PRECIPITATION par Grace Balahay 1 It is theoretically best to put them in a more number when the area is Written answer 2 the most common instrument in measuring amount of rainfall. Popularly used due to its simplicity in construction as well as the procedure in measuring the amount of rain Written answer 3 this kind of rain gauge only gives the accumulated amount of rainfall at an interval of 12 hours or 24 hours depending on the station and the kind of research to be conducted. Written answer 4 most common non-reading rain gauge is Written answer 5 this is also called self-recording, automatic, or integrating rain gauge. It provides the distribution of amount within the interval which, be able to determine the onset and cessation of rains, hence it gives the duration of rainfall events. Written answer 6 – records the rainfall by means of a tipping bucket inside a cylinder. Written answer 7 records the rainfall by means of collecting them in a catch bucket. It is recorded continuously by means of a spring mechanism, or with a system of balanced weights. Written answer 8 sometimes called a “siphon type” rain gauge due to the to a siphon that would empty the floating chamber every time the chamber seems full. Written answer 9 or sometimes called doppler radar is used not only locate precipitation, but also calculate the motion, and estimate its type (rain, snow, hail, etc.). Written answer 10 was the first satellite that used precipitation radar in collecting rainfall data which was succeeded by GPM in 2014 Written answer 11 a geostationary satellite form Japan, is a weather satellite for Japan and Southeast Asia and the data collected is used by the PAGASA, for measuring rainfall and weather forecasts Written answer 12 this method needs a nearby stations that is climatologically the same. • A minimum of three stations is required to estimate the missing precipitation. Written answer 13 It is done by taking the average of the surrounding stations provided that the normal (average) annual precipitation of those stations is within 10% of the normal annual precipitation of the missing station. Written answer 14 this can be done when the normal precipitations of the surrounding stations vary considerably (>10%). The missing rainfall data can be estimated by weighing the precipitation at the other stations by ratios of normal annual precipitation. Written answer 15 this method is considered as most accurate in comparison with the previous methods. • The missing precipitation is computed as a function of the measured rainfall and distance of the surrounding station. Written answer 16 Tool used to test the inconsistency of rainfall record due to significant changes in that year • Done by plotting the cumulative annual (or seasonal) rainfall at station X against the concurrent cumulative values of mean annual (or seasonal) rainfall for a group of surrounding stations Written answer 17 Since the rainfall is per point, it does not necessarily tell the rainfall characteristic of a certain boundary Hence, a need for a rain gauge network, strategically distributed in an area to represent the precipitation of an area (political boundary). Written answer 18 Consists of computing the average of the precipitation of all stations within the area. It is assumed that the weight factor is equal to all stations regardless of the location and other factors. This can only be done when the rainfall is uniformly distributed in the area. Written answer 19 when the distribution of rainfall is not uniform in the area, a weighing factor is necessary to accurately compute the mean precipitation. This method utilizes the use of area of the station (polygon) as a weighing factor. This is applicable for areas which are more or less plain of intermediate size (500 to 5000 km2), and also where rain gauges are few compared to the size (“Estimation of Mean Areal Rainfall”, 2014). Written answer 20 A graphical method that utilizes contours (isohyets) and the formation of isohyets can be subjective depending on the interval Written answer

HYDROMETEROLOGY (LESSON 2.2)

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À propos de cette activité

Créé par

Téléchargez la version pour jouer sur papier

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HYDROMETEROLOGY (LESSON 2.2)Version en ligne

par Grace Balahay

It is theoretically best to put them in a more number when the area is

the most common instrument in measuring amount of rainfall. Popularly used due to its simplicity in construction as well as the procedure in measuring the amount of rain

this kind of rain gauge only gives the accumulated amount of rainfall at an interval of 12 hours or 24 hours depending on the station and the kind of research to be conducted.

most common non-reading rain gauge is

this is also called self-recording, automatic, or integrating rain gauge. It provides the distribution of amount within the interval which, be able to determine the onset and cessation of rains, hence it gives the duration of rainfall events.

– records the rainfall by means of a tipping bucket inside a cylinder.

records the rainfall by means of collecting them in a catch bucket. It is recorded continuously by means of a spring mechanism, or with a system of balanced weights.

sometimes called a “siphon type” rain gauge due to the to a siphon that would empty the floating chamber every time the chamber seems full.

or sometimes called doppler radar is used not only locate precipitation, but also calculate the motion, and estimate its type (rain, snow, hail, etc.).

was the first satellite that used precipitation radar in collecting rainfall data which was succeeded by GPM in 2014

a geostationary satellite form Japan, is a weather satellite for Japan and Southeast Asia and the data collected is used by the PAGASA, for measuring rainfall and weather forecasts

this method needs a nearby stations that is climatologically the same. • A minimum of three stations is required to estimate the missing precipitation.

It is done by taking the average of the surrounding stations provided that the normal (average) annual precipitation of those stations is within 10% of the normal annual precipitation of the missing station.

this can be done when the normal precipitations of the surrounding stations vary considerably (>10%). The missing rainfall data can be estimated by weighing the precipitation at the other stations by ratios of normal annual precipitation.

this method is considered as most accurate in comparison with the previous methods. • The missing precipitation is computed as a function of the measured rainfall and distance of the surrounding station.

Tool used to test the inconsistency of rainfall record due to significant changes in that year • Done by plotting the cumulative annual (or seasonal) rainfall at station X against the concurrent cumulative values of mean annual (or seasonal) rainfall for a group of surrounding stations

Since the rainfall is per point, it does not necessarily tell the rainfall characteristic of a certain boundary Hence, a need for a rain gauge network, strategically distributed in an area to represent the precipitation of an area (political boundary).

Consists of computing the average of the precipitation of all stations within the area. It is assumed that the weight factor is equal to all stations regardless of the location and other factors. This can only be done when the rainfall is uniformly distributed in the area.

A graphical method that utilizes contours (isohyets) and the formation of isohyets can be subjective depending on the interval