Compléter
fill the sentences
After
Charlemagne
?
s
death
in
,
the
Carolingian
dynasty
slowly
weakened
.
His
empire
was
eventually
divided
among
his
.
Only
the
eastern
and
western
kingdoms
survived
long
-
term
,
becoming
the
early
foundations
of
Germany
and
.
By
888
,
the
Carolingians
had
lost
control
in
most
parts
of
the
empire
.
They
ruled
East
Francia
until
and
West
Francia
only
at
times
until
987
.
Some
minor
branches
of
the
family
continued
to
rule
in
places
like
Vermandois
and
Lower
Lorraine
but
no
longer
claimed
the
royal
or
imperial
.
The
final
end
of
Carolingian
rule
is
often
marked
by
the
rise
of
the
dynasty
.
In
,
Hugh
Capet
became
king
of
France
,
with
his
son
Robert
II
crowned
alongside
him
,
closing
the
Carolingian
era
.
The
most
famous
Carolingian
ruler
was
,
the
son
of
.
In
the
year
,
Pope
Leo
III
crowned
him
Emperor
in
Rome
.
His
empire
,
often
called
the
Empire
,
was
seen
as
a
revival
of
the
Western
Roman
Empire
.
The
Carolingians
continued
the
tradition
of
dividing
land
among
heirs
.
Charlemagne
and
his
son
Louis
the
Pious
both
gave
their
sons
smaller
kingdoms
during
their
lifetimes
,
which
they
would
fully
inherit
after
their
father
?
s
death
.
After
Emperor
Louis
the
Pious
died
in
,
his
sons
Lothair
I
,
Louis
the
German
,
and
Charles
the
Bald
fought
a
civil
war
.
It
ended
in
with
the
Treaty
of
,
which
divided
the
empire
into
kingdoms
.
Lothair
,
as
the
eldest
,
kept
the
imperial
title
but
lost
much
real
power
.
Unlike
the
Merovingians
,
the
Carolingians
did
not
allow
illegitimate
children
to
inherit
,
hoping
this
would
prevent
family
disputes
and
endless
divisions
.
But
by
the
late
century
,
when
there
were
not
enough
legitimate
male
heirs
,
even
this
rule
was
broken
.
For
example
,
Arnulf
of
Carinthia
,
the
illegitimate
son
of
Carloman
of
Bavaria
(
himself
the
son
of
Louis
the
German
)
,
became
king
of
East
Francia
.
In
,
Charles
Martel
met
him
in
battle
at
(
also
called
the
Battle
of
Tours
)
.
Charles
defeated
the
army
,
a
victory
that
became
legendary
.
Many
writers
later
praised
him
as
the
"
savior
of
Europe
,
"
though
in
reality
,
this
battle
did
not
give
him
full
control
of
.
True
dominance
there
only
came
after
Duke
Eudo
?
s
death
in
,
when
Charles
forced
Eudo
?
s
son
Hunald
to
recognize
his
authority
.
Charles
also
moved
into
Burgundy
.
Northern
Burgundy
had
stayed
partly
loyal
to
the
Franks
,
but
powerful
nobles
such
as
Savaric
of
Auxerre
held
great
independence
.
When
Savaric
died
,
Charles
supported
his
nephew
Eucherius
as
bishop
of
Orléans
but
later
exiled
him
in
737
,
once
his
own
position
was
stronger
.
Charles
replaced
local
leaders
with
his
allies
and
even
appointed
his
sons
and
Remigius
to
important
roles
.
Charles
Martel
?
s
first
goal
was
to
Carolingian
control
inside
Francia
.
Records
describe
how
he
carried
out
many
campaigns
that
created
the
strong
base
of
the
Carolingians
.
In
718
,
Charles
fought
against
the
and
pushed
them
as
far
as
the
Weser
River
.
He
launched
more
campaigns
in
and
724
,
which
secured
the
northern
borders
of
Austrasia
and
.
In
,
he
defeated
his
old
enemy
Raganfred
at
Angers
.
By
winning
his
support
,
Charles
removed
the
last
major
political
resistance
in
western
Neustria
.
In
,
Charles
expanded
his
power
into
nearby
regions
,
starting
with
Alemannia
.
Under
Duke
Lantfrid
,
Alemannia
had
almost
become
independent
.
They
acted
without
Frankish
approval
,
even
creating
their
own
laws
,
such
as
the
Lex
Alamannorum
.
Sources
note
that
the
Alemanni
no
longer
obeyed
the
Franks
because
the
kings
had
lost
power
.
In
the
century
,
the
Carolingians
became
very
powerful
.
They
took
important
positions
,
such
as
mayor
of
the
palace
and
leader
of
the
Franks
,
and
made
these
jobs
(
passed
from
father
to
son
)
.
This
gave
them
real
control
over
the
kingdom
,
even
though
the
Merovingian
kings
still
held
the
.
In
,
the
Merovingian
dynasty
lost
power
.
With
the
support
of
the
and
the
Frankish
nobles
,
Pepin
the
Short
?
son
of
Charles
Martel
?
was
crowned
king
of
the
Franks
.
The
Carolingians
reached
their
greatest
power
in
,
when
Charlemagne
was
crowned
as
the
first
Western
Roman
Emperor
in
more
than
years
.
However
,
after
Charlemagne
died
in
814
,
the
empire
began
to
break
apart
.
Over
time
,
this
division
led
to
the
rise
of
the
Kingdom
of
France
and
the
Holy
Roman
Empire
.
The
name
Carolingian
comes
from
the
word
Carolus
,
used
for
kings
such
as
Charles
Martel
and
Charlemagne
.
The
word
itself
comes
from
the
Old
High
German
name
or
Kerl
,
which
meant
"
man
,
"
"
husband
,
"
or
"
free
person
.
"
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