CHAPTER 16

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CHAPTER 16


CHAPTER 16Version en ligne CHAPTER 16 par Marina Mazoteras Serrano 1 A statistical technique for examining the differences among means for two or more populations is called ________ a chi-square b analysis of variance (ANOVA) c cross-tabulation d independent samples t test 2 Categorical independent variables are ________. The independent variables must all be categorical (nonmetric) to use ________. a factors; ANOVA b covariates; ANOVA c parameters; regression d items; ANOVA 3 Which statement is correct concerning one-way ANOVA? a Only one categorical variable is involved. b A treatment is the same as a particular combination of factor levels. c The set of independent variables consists of both categorical and metric variables. d Both A and B are correct. 4 An advanced analysis of variance procedure in which the effects of one or more metric- scaled extraneous variables are removed from the dependent variable before conducting the ANOVA is called ________. a analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) b one-way analysis of variance c n-way analysis of variance d decomposition of the total variation 5 The null hypothesis for ANOVA typically is that all ________. a proportions are equal b means are unequal c proportions are unequal d means are equal 6 A covariate is a ________ independent variable used in ________. a metric; ANOVA b categorical; ANCOVA c metric; ANCOVA d categorical; ANOVA 7 Which of the statistical techniques below does not involve a metric independent variable (Figure 16.1 in the text)? a t test b ANOVA c regression d a y b 8 How consumers' "intentions to buy the brand" varies with different price levels is best analyzed via ________. a t test b one-way ANOVA c ANCOVA d regression 9 The strength of the effects of X (independent variable or factor) on Y (dependent variable) is measured by ________. a eta2 (η2) b SSx c SSy d SSwithin 10 Also referred to as SSerror, ________ is the variation in Y due to the variation within each of the categories of X. This variation is not accounted for by X. a SSx b SSwithin c SSbetween d SSy 11 The total variation in y is ________ a SSx b SSwithin c SSbetween d SSy 12 In one-way ANOVA, separation of the variation observed in the dependent variable into the variation due to the independent variables plus the variation due to error is called ________. a decomposition of the total variation b one-way analysis of variance c n-way analysis of variance d analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) 13 The total variation in Y, denoted by SSy, can be decomposed into which two components? a SSy = SSx - SSerror b SSy = SSbetween + SSwithin c SSy = SSx + SSerror d B and C are correct. 14 Which step are you on in the procedure for conducting one-way analysis of variance if you are decomposing SSy into two components using the equation SSy = SSbetween + SSwithin? a decompose the total variation b measure the effects c test the significance d interpret the results 15 Which statement is correct concerning the decomposition of the total variation? a Because it is not known that all the groups have the same mean, we cannot calculate the variance of all the observations together. b If the population mean is the same in all the groups, then the variation in the sample means and the sizes of the sample groups can be used to estimate the variance of Y. c By comparing the Y variance estimates based on between-group and within group variation, we can test the null hypothesis. d All statements are correct 16 If you are estimating η2, you are at which step in the procedure for conducting one-way analysis of variance? a decompose the total variation b measure the effect c test the significance d interpret the results 17 The effects of X on Y is measured by ________. a SSerror b SSx c SSy d SSwithin 18 ________ is a measure of variation in Y that is explained by the independent variable X. a eta2 (η2) b SSx c SSy d SSwithin 19 In one-way ANOVA, the null hypothesis may be tested by ________. a the t statistic b F statistic c chi-square d eta2 20 Which statement is correct if the null hypothesis for a one-way ANOVA is rejected? a The effect of the independent variable is significant. b The mean value of the dependent variable will be the same for different categories of the independent variable. c The independent variable does not have a significant effect on the dependent variable. d Both B and C are correct. 21 The ________ refers to the fact that ordinarily the assumption in analysis of variance that the categories of the independent variable are fixed a fixed-effects model b random-effects mode c mixed-effects model d standard-effects model 22 In the ________, the categories or treatments are considered to be random samples from a universe of treatments. Inferences are made to other categories not examined in the analysis. a fixed-effects model b random-effects mode c mixed-effects model d standard-effects model 23 How consumers' intentions to buy a brand vary with different levels of price and different levels of distribution is best analyzed via ________. a n-way ANOVA b one-way ANOVA c ANCOVA d regression 24 A major advantage of ________ is that it enables the researcher to examine interactions between the factors. a one-way ANOVA b n-way ANOVA c t tests d F tests 25 The strength of the joint effect of two (or more) factors or the overall effect is known as ________. a significance of the overall effect b significance of the main effect c multiple η2 d significance of the interaction effect 26 A test finding that some differences exist between some of the treatment groups is a test of the ________. a significance of the overall effect b significance of the main effect c multiple η2 d significance of the interaction effect 27 A test of the significance of the interaction between two or more independent variables is a test of the ________. a significance of the overall effect b significance of the main effect c multiple η2 d significance of the interaction effect 28 A test of the significance of the main effect for each individual factor is a test of the ________. a significance of the overall effect b significance of the main effect c multiple η2 d significance of the interaction effect 29 Which F test is used to test the significance of the overall effect? a b (ssx1+ssx2+ssx1x2)df n c d 30 In determining how different price levels will affect a household's cereal consumption, it may be essential to take household size into account. This is best analyzed by ________. a n-way ANOVA b one-way ANOVA c ANCOVA d regression 31 Analysis of covariance includes at least one ________ independent variable and at least one ________ independent variable. a categorical; interval b ordinal; categorical c metric; interval d parametric; interval 32 Important issues involved in the interpretation of ANOVA results include all of the following except ________ a interactions b determining the appropriateness of the test c relative importance of factors d multiple comparisons 33 Which statement is not true concerning interactions resulting from ANOVA? a In disordinal interactions of a crossover type, the relative effect of the levels of one factor changes with the levels of the other. b Because it involves a change in rank order, disordinal interaction is stronger than ordinal interaction. c Disordinal interactions of a crossover type represent the weakest interactions. d In ordinal interaction, the rank order of the effects related to one factor does not change across the levels of the second factor. 34 At what point does ω2 begin to represent a larger experimental effect? a .25 b .15 c .10 d .06 35 ________ are used to examine differences among two or more means of the treatment groups a Nonmetric ANOVA b Contrasts c Repeated measures ANOVA d Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) 36 In ANOVA the relative contribution of a factor X is calculated as _______ a ω2 x = SSx-(dfX*MSerror)/SStotal+MSerror b c d 37 ________ are determined before conducting the analysis, based on the researcher's theoretical framework. a Single comparison contrasts b Multiple comparison contrasts c A priori contrasts d A posteriori contrasts 38 ________ are contrasts made after the analysis. a Single comparison contrasts b Multiple comparison contrasts c A priori contrasts d A posteriori contrasts 39 ______ are contrasts that enable the researcher to construct generalized confidence intervals that can be used to make pairwise comparisons of all treatment means. a Single comparison contrasts b Multiple comparison contrasts c A priori contrasts d A posteriori contrasts 40 ________ is an ANOVA technique used when respondents are exposed to more than one treatment condition and repeated measurements are obtained. a Nonmetric ANOVA b Contrasts c Repeated measures ANOVA d Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) 41 ________ is an ANOVA technique for examining the difference in the central tendencies of more than two groups when the dependent variable is measured on an ordinal scale. a Nonmetric ANOVA b Contrasts c Repeated measures ANOVA d Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) 42 ________ is an ANOVA technique using two or more metric dependent variables. a Nonmetric ANOVA b Contrasts c Repeated measures ANOVA d Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) 43 Repeated measures analysis of variance may be thought of as an extension of the ________ to the case of more than two related samples. a z test b f test c t test d paired samples t test 44 Suppose that four groups, each consisting of 100 randomly selected individuals, were exposed to four different commercials about Tide detergent. After seeing the commercial, each individual provided ratings on preference for Tide, preference for Proctor and Gamble (the company making Tide), variables are correlated, ________ should be conducted to determine which commercial is the most effective (produced the highest preferences across the three variables). a MANOVA b one-way ANOVA c n-way ANOVA d regression 45 Which statement about MANOVA is not true? a MANOVA examines group differences across multiple dependent variables simultaneously. b In MANOVA, the null hypothesis is that the vectors of means on multiple dependent variables are equal across groups. c MANOVA is most appropriate if there are multiple dependent variables that are uncorrelated or orthogonal. d Multivariate analysis of variance is appropriate when there are two or more dependent variables that are correlated. 46 When using SPSS Windows one-way ANOVA can be efficiently performed using the ________ program. a GENERAL LINEAR MODEL b NONPARAMETRIC TESTS c COMPARE MEANS d UNIVARIATE 47 When using SPSS Windows, for nonmetric analysis of variance, including the k-sample median test and Kruskal-Wallis one way analysis of variance, the program ________ should be used. a general linear model b nonparametric tests c compare means d univariate

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CHAPTER 16Version en ligne

par Marina Mazoteras Serrano

A statistical technique for examining the differences among means for two or more populations is called ________

Categorical independent variables are ________. The independent variables must all be categorical (nonmetric) to use ________.

Which statement is correct concerning one-way ANOVA?

An advanced analysis of variance procedure in which the effects of one or more metric- scaled extraneous variables are removed from the dependent variable before conducting the ANOVA is called ________.

The null hypothesis for ANOVA typically is that all ________.

A covariate is a ________ independent variable used in ________.

Which of the statistical techniques below does not involve a metric independent variable (Figure 16.1 in the text)?

How consumers' "intentions to buy the brand" varies with different price levels is best analyzed via ________.

The strength of the effects of X (independent variable or factor) on Y (dependent variable) is measured by ________.

Also referred to as SSerror, ________ is the variation in Y due to the variation within each of the categories of X. This variation is not accounted for by X.

The total variation in y is ________

In one-way ANOVA, separation of the variation observed in the dependent variable into the variation due to the independent variables plus the variation due to error is called ________.

The total variation in Y, denoted by SSy, can be decomposed into which two components?

Which step are you on in the procedure for conducting one-way analysis of variance if you are decomposing SSy into two components using the equation SSy = SSbetween + SSwithin?

Which statement is correct concerning the decomposition of the total variation?

If you are estimating η2, you are at which step in the procedure for conducting one-way analysis of variance?

The effects of X on Y is measured by ________.

________ is a measure of variation in Y that is explained by the independent variable X.

In one-way ANOVA, the null hypothesis may be tested by ________.

Which statement is correct if the null hypothesis for a one-way ANOVA is rejected?

The ________ refers to the fact that ordinarily the assumption in analysis of variance that the categories of the independent variable are fixed

In the ________, the categories or treatments are considered to be random samples from a universe of treatments. Inferences are made to other categories not examined in the analysis.

How consumers' intentions to buy a brand vary with different levels of price and different levels of distribution is best analyzed via ________.

A major advantage of ________ is that it enables the researcher to examine interactions between the factors.

The strength of the joint effect of two (or more) factors or the overall effect is known as ________.

A test finding that some differences exist between some of the treatment groups is a test of the ________.

A test of the significance of the interaction between two or more independent variables is a test of the ________.

A test of the significance of the main effect for each individual factor is a test of the ________.

Which F test is used to test the significance of the overall effect?

In determining how different price levels will affect a household's cereal consumption, it may be essential to take household size into account. This is best analyzed by ________.

Analysis of covariance includes at least one ________ independent variable and at least one ________ independent variable.

Important issues involved in the interpretation of ANOVA results include all of the following except ________

Which statement is not true concerning interactions resulting from ANOVA?

At what point does ω2 begin to represent a larger experimental effect?

________ are used to examine differences among two or more means of the treatment groups

In ANOVA the relative contribution of a factor X is calculated as _______

________ are determined before conducting the analysis, based on the researcher's theoretical framework.

________ are contrasts made after the analysis.

______ are contrasts that enable the researcher to construct generalized confidence intervals that can be used to make pairwise comparisons of all treatment means.

________ is an ANOVA technique used when respondents are exposed to more than one treatment condition and repeated measurements are obtained.

________ is an ANOVA technique for examining the difference in the central tendencies of more than two groups when the dependent variable is measured on an ordinal scale.

________ is an ANOVA technique using two or more metric dependent variables.

Repeated measures analysis of variance may be thought of as an extension of the ________ to the case of more than two related samples.

Which statement about MANOVA is not true?

When using SPSS Windows one-way ANOVA can be efficiently performed using the ________ program.

When using SPSS Windows, for nonmetric analysis of variance, including the k-sample median test and Kruskal-Wallis one way analysis of variance, the program ________ should be used.

Categorical independent variables are . The independent variables must all be categorical (nonmetric) to use .

A covariate is a independent variable used in .

Analysis of covariance includes at least one independent variable and at least one independent variable.