Relier Pairs Chapter 15: The Special Senses--matching gameVersion en ligne Seeley's Anatomy and Physiology, thirteenth edition--selected definitions par Alexander Jones 1 Olfaction 2 Olfactory hairs 3 Olfactory epithelium 4 Odorants 5 Olfactory vesicles 6 Olfactory region 7 Olfactory neurons Olfactory receptor cells; approximately 10 million--the olfactory epithelium contains these cell bodies and dendrites Epithelium of the olfactory recess containing olfactory receptors Extreme superior region of the nasal cavity Airborne molecules that enter the nasal cavity & are dissolved in fluid covering the olfactory epithelium--some bind to receptor molecules Dendrite ends of olfactory neurons that extend to the epithelial surface of the nasal cavity--are modified into bulbous enlargements Sense of smell Cilia on olfactory vesicles; lie in a thin film mucous film on the epithelial surface 1 Bitter 2 Gustation 3 Taste pore 4 Sweet 5 Salt 6 Taste buds 7 Taste hair 8 Fungiform papillae 9 Foliate papillae 10 Umami 11 Tastants 12 Filiform papillae 13 Basal cells 14 Gustatory receptor cells 15 Vallate papillae 16 Supporting cells 17 Sour 18 Papillae About 12 total, form a "V" shape in the back of the tongue; each has 100-300 taste buds Mushroom shaped, scattered all over the tongue with about 5 taste buds in each--small red dots interspersed among the filiform Sense of taste Develop into receptor cells Undergo mitosis to replace supporting cells every 10 days Filament shaped, the most numerous papillae; no taste buds--located all over the tongue A tiny opening in the epithelium; taste hairs extend from these Bumps on the tongue Substances that dissolve in saliva, enter taste pores and, by various mechanisms, stimulate the taste cells Taste that results when Na+ diffuses through Na+ channels of taste hairs or other cell surfaces of taste cells 'taste cells'; each taste bud has about 50 of these--sensory cells Taste that results when H+ of acids cause depolarization of taste cells Taste resulting from amino acids, ex: glutamate, bind to receptors on taste hairs of taste cells and cause depolarization through G protein mechanism Taste resulting in a similar fashion as 'Sweet' through G protein mechanisms The microvilli of taste cells Taste resulting from tastants that bind to G protein-coupled receptor molecules on taste hairs of taste cells & cause depolarization Located in the lateral trenches of the tongue; most of these taste buds degenerate in early childhood Sensory structures that detect taste (gustation) stimuli 1 Lacrimal apparatus 2 Vascular tunic 3 Eyebrows 4 Bulbar conjunctiva 5 Fibrous tunic 6 Eyelashes 7 Conjunctiva 8 Palpebral fissures 9 Palpebrae conjunctiva 10 Nervous tunic 11 Eyelids 12 Lacrimal gland Attached to a double or triple row of hairs on the free edges of eyelids; protect the eyes Outer layer of the eyeball; consists of sclera and cornea Inner layer of the eyeball; consists of the retina Collection of hairs superior to the orbits; major function is to prevent perspiration from running down the forehead Covers the anterior white surface of the eye Innervated by parasympathetic fibers from CN VII; produces tears, which leave through lacrimal ducts and pass over the anterior surface of the eyeball Covers the inner surface of the eyelid Consists of a lacrimal gland situated in the superolateral corner of the orbit & a nasolacrimal duct beginning in the inferomedial corner of the orbit Thin, transparent mucous membrane associated with the eyelids and exposed areas of the eye Middle layer of the eyeball; consists of the choroid, ciliary body, and iris Space between the two eyelids "Palpebrae"; protect the eyes from foreign objects--work along with eyelashes 1 Choroid 2 Neural layer 3 Fovea centralis 4 Lens 5 Ciliary body 6 Sphinchter pupillae 7 Pigmented layer 8 Retina 9 Optic disk 10 Cornea 11 Pupil 12 Blind spot 13 Sclera 14 Iris 15 Macula 16 Dilator pupillae Circular group of smooth muscle in the iris; when contracted the size of the pupil decreases or constricts--innervated by CN III Specialized portion of the vascular tunic; the "colored' portion of the eye that can be seen through the cornea Another name for the optic disk due to its lack of photoreceptors--does not respond to light. Outer layer of the retina White, outer layer of the posterior 5/6ths of the eyeball--firm opaque tissue layer that consists of dense collagenous CT w/ elastic fibers Pit in the center of the macula; region of the retina where light is most focused White spot just medial to the macula through which the central retinal artery enters and the central reticular vein exits the eyeball Inner layer of the retina; responds to light--contains numerous photoreceptor cells: 120 million rods, 6-7 million cones, & numerous relay neurons Continuous with the choroid; the iris is attached at its lateral margins Radial group of smooth muscle in the iris; when contracted the size of the pupil increases or dilates Small, yellow spot, near the center of the posterior retina Nervous tunic of the eyeball that is composed of pigmented simple cuboidal epithelium--has an outer pigmented layer and an inner neural layer Continousl with the sclera; an avascular, transparent structure that permits light to enter the eye--light bends or refracts as it passes through Opening in the iris that allows light to enter the eye Unusual biological structure; transparent & convex--greatest convexity is on posterior side; suspended between posterior chamber & vitreous chamber Portion of the vascular tunic associated with the sclera of the eye--means "membrane" and suggests that this layer is relatively thin 1 Vitreous chamber 2 Anterior chamber 3 Aqueous humor 4 Posterior chamber 5 Vitreous humor Liquid that fills the anterior & posterior chamber; helps maintain intraocular pressure--the pressure keeps the eyeball inflated & maintains shape Jellylike substance that fills the vitreous chamber; not produced rapidly like aqueous humor, extremely slow turnover--maintains pressure & shape Area between the cornea and the iris Much larger than the anterior & posterior chambers; almost completely surrounded by the retina & is filled with vitreous humor Smaller area between the iris and the lens 1 Visible light 2 Near point of vision 3 Focal point 4 Dark adaptation 5 Far point of vision 6 Convergence 7 Iodopsin 8 Rods 9 Light adaptation 10 Accomodation 11 Rhodopsin 12 Cones 13 Focusing 14 Refraction Point at which the lens does not have to thicken for focusing to occur; normally 20 feet Bipolar photoreceptor cells with a conical, light-sensitive part that tapers slightly from base to apex--provides color vision & visual acuity Causing light to converge Bipolar photoreceptor cells involved in noncolor vision; responsible for vision under conditions of reduced light Adjustment to darkness Point at which the eye can no longer focus an object; where blurring occurs--normally 2-3 inches for a child, 4-6 inches for an adult Portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be detected by the human eye; includes wavelengths between 380 & 750 nm--"visible spectrum" Purple pigment that consists of the protein 'opsin', covalently bonded to a yellow photosensitive pigment called 'retinal' Bending of light Point at which light rays cross Visual pigment found in cone cells; consists of retinal combined with a photopigment opsin protein--three major types; blue, red, & green Adjustment to light Process of changing lens shape Medial rotation of the eyes; accomplished by a reflex that stimulates the medial rectus of each eye to contact 1 External ear 2 Scala vestibuli 3 Perilymph 4 Inner ear 5 Malleus 6 Membranous labyrinth 7 Hair cells 8 Incus 9 Vestibule 10 Annular ligament 11 Scala tympani 12 Spiral organ 13 Auditory tube 14 Tympanic membrane 15 Cochlea 16 Bony labyrinth 17 Endolymph 18 Stapes 19 Oval window 20 Middle ear Ossicle; stirrup shaped Na+ fluid that fills the scala vestibuli and scala tympani Houses sensory organs for both hearing & balance--consists of interconnecting, fluid-filled tunnels & chambers inside petrous port. of temporal bone Eustachian tube; opens into the pharynx and equalizes air pressure between the outside air and the middle ear cavity Auditory ossicles transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane to this structure Ear drum; terminates the outer ear; sends vibrations to the auditory ossicles Extends from the helicotrema, back from the apex, parallel to the scala vestibuli, to the membrane of the round window--found in the cochlea 'organ of corti'; where sensory cells of hearing are found--contains supporting epithelial cells and specialized sensory cells called hair cells Specialized sensory cells; have hairlike projections at their apical ends--for hearing; located in the spiral organ Ossicle; hammer shaped The auricle/pinna & external acoustic meatus--terminates at the tympanic membrane; lined with ceruminous glands that produce cerumen Shell shaped structure; part of the inner ear--scala vestibuli, helicotrema, & scala tympani Located inside the bony labyrinth; smaller set of membranous tunnels and chambers Extends from the oval window to the helicotrema--found in the cochlea Ossicle; anvil shaped Holds the foot plate of the stapes into the oval window Air-filled space within the petrous portion of the temporal bone that contains the auditory ossicles--malleus, incus, stapes; + oval & round window Comprising the utricle and saccule; aids in balance--specifically position of the head relative to gravity K+ fluid that fills the cochlear duct Tunnels and chambers inside the temporal bone--vestibule & semicircular canals (balance) & cochlea (hearing) 1 Ampulla 2 Semicircular canals 3 Static labyrinth 4 Dynamic labyrinth Associated with the semicircular canals; involved with evaluating movements of the head Consists of the utricle and the saccule (of the vestibule)--primarily involved in evaluating the position of the head relative to gravity The expanded base of each semicircular canal 3 of these make up the dynamic labyrinth; one lying nearly transverse, one at a right angle, and one in the coronal plane (x, y, & z axes)
Match the key terms descriptions to the Balance Sheet and Income Statement classifications