Chem and Bio PSSA ReviewVersion en ligne Physical & Chemical Changes, DNA, Mutations & Natural Selection par eliederbach5 1 Chemical change 2 DNA, MUTATIONS, NATURAL SELECTION 3 Heat Transfer 4 Types of Energy and Energy Transformations 5 Atoms, Molecules and States of Matter 6 Cells and Life 7 Photosynthesis 8 Physics 9 Space Science 10 Miscellaneous creates a new substance that wasn't there before adding 2 clear liquids together which causes a red solid to form you cannot get the original substance back burning a piece of wood mixing 2 liquids forms bubbles and gets hot DNA➡️PROTEIN➡️TRAIT Mutations are changes in the DNA Adaptations are mutations that increase the chance of an organism surviving Reproductive cells have the DNA that is passed onto offspring while Body Cells do not pass DNA onto offspring Natural selection shows that organisms better adapted to the environment will survive, reproduce and pass their offspring on to the next generation Heat moves from the cooler object to the warmer object Convection currents occur in the mantle of the earth when hot magma rises, cools off and then sinks Heat moves from hot to cold Conduction is the transfer of heat between to objects that are not touching. EX: Fire Radiation is the transfer of energy by electomagnetic waves. EX: sunlight Sound is a mechanical wave and can travel through space Light is an electomagnetic wave and can travel through space Insulators do not allow heat to flow through them easily. EX: Rubber, foam, plastic Conductors do not allow heat to flow through them easily. EX: Metal, When energy transformations occur, some energy is lost as heat A windmill converts mechanical energy into electrical energy and heat energy Potential energy is energy of motion When energy is transformed from one form to another some of the energy is destroyed If 1000 kJ of solar energy is transformed to electricty and heat, then there will be 1000 kJ of electricity and heat total at the end of the transformation. The more speed an object has, the more kinetic energy it has As mass increased, kinetic energy increases 2 or more atoms bonded together form a molecule atoms cannot be broken down into smaller pieces and still be considered that atom solid particles vibrate more and are farther apart than liquid particles. Gas particles have more kinetic energy than liquids and solids and therefore they move more When you freeze water to make ice, the particles move faster. All living things are made up of at least one cell Viruses are not considered living because they are not made up of at least one cell All cells look exactly the same Cells - Tissues - Organs - Organ Systems - Organism In a unicellular organism (like bacteria), one cell has to perform all necessary functions Both plant and animal cells have chloroplasts The cell membrane controls what goes in and out of a cell. Radiant energy from the sun is used to produce chemical energy in glucose Burning fossil fuels releases CO2. This increases temperatures and also increases photosynthesis. Plants take in Oxygen and give off Carbon Dioxide Plants do the opposite of humans with their gas exchange (CO2 in and O2 out) Both plants and animals have chloroplasts All living things depend on the sun for energy (either directly or indirectly) The more mass, the more gravity. The further the distance, the less gravity. The moon has more gravity than the earth because it has less mass. As the force on an object increases, the acceleration increases. (I push it harder, it moves faster) Inertia tells us that objects will not stay in motion, regardless of forces acting on them. As the mass of an object increases, the acceleration decreases. Add more mass, it won't move as fast For every action there is an EQUAL BUT OPPOSITE reaction. Friction is a force that acts in the same direction as the objects motion. A solar eclipse is SUN, EARTH, MOON in this order A solar eclipse is SUN, MOON, EARTH in this order It is winter in the Northern Hemisphere if it is tilted away from the sun Seasons and night and day are caused by the earth's rotation The 1st thing you should do when you see the SUN, EARTH, MOON diagram is draw a person on the earth. A lunar eclipse and a full moon occur when it is SUN, MOON, EARTH in this order Both scientists and engineers can have as many independent variables as they want. Balanced forces cause objects to move. The structure of a cell is NOT related to its function A chloroplast functions as the brain of the cell freezing water to get ice measuring the density of a substance changes the appearance without changing the chemical composition DNA➡️TRAIT➡️PROTEIN A mutation to a skin cell can get passed on to offspring
