Epidemiologic measures of association and potential impact

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lecture 9

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Yasmin Esmaeili

Kuwait

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Epidemiologic measures of association and potential impact


Epidemiologic measures of association and potential impactVersion en ligne lecture 9 par Yasmin Esmaeili 1 Association is a A statistical relationship between two or more variables b Probability of an individual developing a disease over a fixed interval 2 Risk is a A statistical relationship between two or more variables b Probability of an individual developing a disease over a fixed interval 3 Determination of an association between a hypothesized ______ with a given _____ a Risk, disease b Exposure, disease c Association, disease d Exposure, risk 4 Comparison of disease occurrence is between ______ risk groups a Exposed b Undefined c Unexposed d Defined 5 Using one of the epidemiologic study designs (e.g cohort), estimate ___ or ___ in exposed and un-exposed groups (choose two) Choose one or more answers a IR (open cohort/interval; can enter and leave at any time) b Relative c CI (fixed interval/ fixed cohort) d Absolute 6 CI (exposed) and CI (unexposed) are compared by using either (choose 2) Choose one or more answers a Absolute location of association b Relative measures of association c Relative location of association d Absolute measures of association 7 Relative measures of association includes (choose 2) Choose one or more answers a Risk difference (AR/attributable risk) b Risk comparison (RC) c Odds ratio (OR) d Relative risk (RR) 8 Absolute measures of association includes a Risk difference (AR/attributable risk) b Risk comparison (RC) c Odds ratio (OR) d Relative risk (RR) 9 Assessment of excess risk has 2 methods which are Choose one or more answers a Ratio b Difference c Occurrence d Defined 10 Ratio is a Relative b Absolute c Estimation 11 Ratio is a Relative b Absolute c Estimation 12 Difference is a Relative b Estimation c Absolute 13 Cl(E+)/ Cl(E-) = a AR: Difference of two risks (attributable risk) b OR: Odds ratio (relative risk) c RR: Ratio of two risks (risk ratio, relative risk) 14 Cl(E+) - Cl(E-) = a AR: Difference of two risks (attributable risk) b OR: Odds ratio (relative risk) c RR: Ratio of two risks (risk ratio, relative risk) 15 RR = 1 means a Risk among exposed is greater than risk in non-exposed (positive association - possibly casual) b Risk among exposed doesn’t equal the risk among non-exposed c Risk among exposed is equal to risk among non-exposed (no association) d Risk among exposed is less than risk in non-exposed (negative association - possibly protective) 16 RR > 1 means a Risk among exposed is greater than risk in non-exposed (positive association - possibly casual) b Risk among exposed doesn’t equal the risk among non-exposed c Risk among exposed is equal to risk among non-exposed (no association) d Risk among exposed is less than risk in non-exposed (negative association - possibly protective) 17 RR < 1 means a Risk among exposed is greater than risk in non-exposed (positive association - possibly casual) b Risk among exposed doesn’t equal the risk among non-exposed c Risk among exposed is equal to risk among non-exposed (no association) d Risk among exposed is less than risk in non-exposed (negative association - possibly protective) 18 In case-control study (CCS), we can calculate the CI or IR, therefore, we can calculate the RR “directly” a True b False 19 OR (odds ratio) is calculated from data collected in a ____ a Experiment study b Case series c Case-control study d Case report 20 OR can also be obtained from data collected in a _____ and used instead of ___ a Case report, RR b Cohort study, RR c Cohort, AR d Case report, AR 21 We cannot calculate ___ from case-control study, but under certain conditions we can get a good estimate a ER b AR c OR d RR 22 Odds are ratio of two probabilities which are Choose one or more answers a 1-p = probability that the same event does not occur b p = probability that an event occurs c P = probability that an event does not occur d 1-p = probability that an event occurs 23 Odds = a (1-p)/p b p x (1-p) c p/(1-p) d p - (1-p) 24 Odds refers to _____ a double entity b single entity c triple entity 25 Attributable risk is a AR(E+) b AR(E-) c RR(E-) d RR(E+) 26 Attributable risk is calculated when we have assurance that its both ______ and _____ between exposure and disease (choose 2) Choose one or more answers a Casually associated b Statistically associated c Risk associated 27 Attributable risk percent is a AR(E-%) b AR(E+%) c RR(E+%) d RR(E-%) 28 Attributable risk AR(E+) (choose all) Choose one or more answers a AR is important from clinical and public health perspectives b How much disease that occurred can be attributed to a certain exposure? c How much disease didn’t occur and was prevented d How much of the risk of the disease, we hope to reduce by eliminating the exposure?

Epidemiologic measures of association and potential impact

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Créé par

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Epidemiologic measures of association and potential impactVersion en ligne

par Yasmin Esmaeili

Association is

Risk is

Determination of an association between a hypothesized ______ with a given _____

Comparison of disease occurrence is between ______ risk groups

Using one of the epidemiologic study designs (e.g cohort), estimate ___ or ___ in exposed and un-exposed groups (choose two)

CI (exposed) and CI (unexposed) are compared by using either (choose 2)

Relative measures of association includes (choose 2)

Absolute measures of association includes

Assessment of excess risk has 2 methods which are

Ratio is

Ratio is

Difference is

Cl(E+)/ Cl(E-) =

Cl(E+) - Cl(E-) =

RR = 1 means

RR > 1 means

RR < 1 means

In case-control study (CCS), we can calculate the CI or IR, therefore, we can calculate the RR “directly”

OR (odds ratio) is calculated from data collected in a ____

OR can also be obtained from data collected in a _____ and used instead of ___

We cannot calculate ___ from case-control study, but under certain conditions we can get a good estimate

Odds are ratio of two probabilities which are

Odds =

Odds refers to _____

Attributable risk is

Attributable risk is calculated when we have assurance that its both ______ and _____ between exposure and disease (choose 2)

Attributable risk percent is

Attributable risk AR(E+) (choose all)

Determination of an association between a hypothesized __ with a given _

Using one of the epidemiologic study designs (e.g cohort), estimate _ or _ in exposed and un-exposed groups (choose two)

OR can also be obtained from data collected in a ___ and used instead of _

Attributable risk is calculated when we have assurance that its both __ and _ between exposure and disease (choose 2)