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History of Radio

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History of Radio

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Soraya Music
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travel radio signal commercial speed code exchange physicist built wireless communication enabled waves broadcast

Electromagnetic were predicted by James Clerk Maxwell in his 1873 theory of electromagnetism , now called Maxwell's equations , who proposed that a coupled oscillating electric field and magnetic field could through space as a wave , and proposed that light consisted of electromagnetic waves of short wavelength .

On November 11 , 1886 , German Heinrich Hertz , attempting to confirm Maxwell's theory , first observed radio waves he generated using a primitive spark gap transmitter . Experiments by Hertz and physicists Jagadish Chandra Bose , Oliver Lodge , Lord Rayleigh , and Augusto Righi , among others , showed that waves like light demonstrated reflection , refraction , diffraction , polarization , standing waves , and traveled at the same as light , confirming that both light and radio waves were electromagnetic waves , differing only in frequency .

In 1895 , Guglielmo Marconi developed the first radio system , using a spark gap transmitter to send Morse over long distances . By December 1901 , he had transmitted across the Atlantic ocean .

Karl Ferdinand Braun invented the phased array antenna in 1905 . Three antennas are arranged to transmit a directional .

Marconi and Braun shared the 1909 Nobel Prize in Physics " for their contributions to the development of telegraphy " .

During radio's first two decades , called the radiotelegraphy era , the primitive damped wave radio transmitters could only transmit pulses of radio waves , not the continuous waves which were needed for audio modulation , so radio was used for person - to - person , diplomatic and military text messaging .

Starting around 1908 industrial countries worldwide networks of powerful transoceanic spark transmitters to telegram traffic between continents and communicate with their colonies and naval fleets .

During World War I the development of continuous wave radio transmitters and rectifying electrolytic and crystal radio receiver detectors amplitude modulation ( AM ) radiotelephony to be achieved by Reginald Fessenden and others , allowing sound ( audio ) to be transmitted .

On November 2 , 1920 , the first commercial radio was transmitted by Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company in Pittsburgh , under the call sign KDKA featuring live coverage of the Harding - Cox presidential election .