Compléter Characteristics of a ProcessorVersion en ligne Summary of how the processor and memory do what they do. par Jonathan Bowers 1 microcontroller von Turing buses Harvard Neumann executed executed processor instructions store Neumann processor embedded memory memory Harvard bus instructions processor stored John von and Alan both proposed the program concept in separate publications in 1945 . * A program must be resident in main to be * Machine code instructions are fetched from main one - at - a - time , decoded and in the . In a machine , a single holds both and data which transmits along a single . In architecture , throughput is generally quicker since there are separate stores for data and and separate to connect them to the . The term is used to refer to a chip which contains , memory and I / O all on a single chip . They are typically used in computers ( an MP3 player , in a car ) and often use the architecture .