Revision: basic terms.
PHONOLOGY 1
PHONOLOGY 2
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Starts with
A
These are situated in or surrounding the oral cavity (tongue, palate, teeth, and lips)
Starts with
B
These sounds are produced with the lower and the upper lips.
Starts with
C
When articulating/producing these sounds, there is an obstruction to the air flow as it passes from the larynx to the lips.
Starts with
D
According to the place of articulation, these sounds are produced with the upper teeth, e.g. /θ//t/
Contains
E
The smallest unit of sound; the different sounds within a language.
Starts with
F
When two vocal organs come close enough together for the movement of air between them to be heard, e.g. /f/ and /v/.
Starts with
G
It is the opening between the vocal folds. Sounds produced in this space are /ʔ//h/
Starts with
H
Words which have the same pronunciation, but have different spellings.
Contains
I
These sounds are formed by a succession of a plosive and fricative. E.g. /ʧ//ʤ/; a complete closure is made somewhere in the mouth, and the soft palate is raised. Air pressure increases behind the closure, and is then released more slowly than in plosives.
Starts with
J
The lower part of the face; either of the two bones at the bottom of the face that contain the teeth and move when you talk or eat.
Contains
K
A person who speaks.
Starts with
L
A partial closure is made by the blade of the tongue against the alveolar ridge. Air is able to flow around the sides of the tongue.
Starts with
M
The opening and cavity in the lower part of the human face, surrounded by the lips, through which food is taken in and vocal sounds are emitted
Starts with
N
Sounds produced with the velum lowered, blocking the escape of air through the oral cavity; a closure is made by the lips, or by the tongue against the palate, the soft palate is lowered, and air escapes through the nose.
Contains
O
Sound produced with the vibration of the vocal folds. E.g. /b/ /d/ /g/
Starts with
P
A complete closure is made somewhere in the vocal tract, and the soft palate is also raised. Air pressure increases behind the closure, and is then released "explosively". E.g. /p/ /b/ /t/
Starts with
Q
A term in phonetics for the property that makes one VOWEL sound different from another: for example, /iː/ as in sheep from /ɪ/ as in ship. Determined by the position of the tongue, lips, and lower jaw, and the resulting size and shape of the mouth and pharynx.
Contains
R
The degree of emphasis given a sound or syllable in speech. These patterns can help distinguish the meanings of two words or phrases that otherwise appear to be the same.
Starts with
S
Sounds produced with an approximation of the articulators which are too open to cause any friction. E.g. /w/ /j/
Contains
T
The study of the physical aspects of speech (articulatorily, acoustically, and auditorily).
Starts with
U
The piece of flesh that hangs down at the back of your mouth.
Starts with
V
Consonant sounds articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate, the back part of the roof of the mouth; the back of the tongue is used against the soft palate. E.g. /k/ /g/ /ŋ/
Contains
W
Sounds produced with an open vocal tract; these can be open, mid, close and/or front, centre/central, back.
Contains
X
Sounds produced with an approximation of the articulators which are too open to cause any friction. E.g. /w/
Contains
Y
Commonly called the voice box, it is an organ at the top of the neck involved in breathing, producing sounds and protecting the trachea against food aspiration. It houses the vocal folds, and manipulates pitch and volume, which is essential for phonation.
Starts with
Z
Transcription rules: PLURAL FORMS: When the last sound of a word in its singular form is a vowel sound, the plural form should be transcribed: .......
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