Permanence: It expresses that it has remained constant or in the same way for a long time.
Continuous action from the past to the present: It expresses a situation that started in the past, didn't stop and continues until the present. It usually expresses a dyanmic process.
Repetition: It implies that we did an action repeated times in the past. We don't specify when we did it, only that now we have a repeated experience with that situation.
Achievements: It expresses that an action in the past gave a result that is visible or useful in the present.
Previous life experience: It expresses that we experienced (or not) a situation in the past as part of our lives.
Indefinite past: It indicates that the action happened in the past but it does not tell you when exactly.