1
Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulation and control the situation. This does NOT EXPLAIN behavior – it DESCRIBES it.
2
experimenter’s expectations unintentionally influence the results.
3
the group exposed to the treatments (independent variable)
4
assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to different groups.
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helps from non bias responses. Everyone in the entire group has an equal change of participating.
6
how phrases or sentences are worded can have a huge effect on results. People are more approving of “aid to the needy” than of “welfare” or “revenue enhancers” than “taxes”.
7
People or animals behave differently from normal when they know they are being observed.
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group that is not exposed to the treatment (placebo)
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tendency of observers to see what they expect to see.
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________variable: other variables to consider that might affect the results (if it’s a drug experiments – age is a factor, weight, health issues, etc.)
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a measure of the relationship between two or more variables Variable: is anything that can change or vary: scores on test, temperature in a room, gender, amount of sleep, etc.
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______variable: variable that is manipulated – the variable whose effect is being studied
13
in an experiments both the participants and the research staff are unaware about which group is the experimental group and which group is the placebo group.
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_______the outcome, the variable that may change in response to manipulation of the independent variable.
15
an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (dependent variable).
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The oldest research method used. Examines one individual in depth in hopes of revealing things true of us all.
17
experimental results caused by expectations alone. People respond the way they think they should respond.
18
This method looks at many cases but in less depth. Researchers do surveys when wanting to estimate, from a representative sample of people – the attitudes or reported behaviors of a whole population. Questions about everything from cell-phone use to political opinions are put to the public.
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