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10.1 Action Potential

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Describe how action potential is propagated along an axon

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Biology action potential coordination matriculation
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Helmina Kmrzmn
Helmina Kmrzmn
Malaysia

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10.1 Action Potential

Describe how action potential is propagated along an axon

Helmina Kmrzmn
1

Na hyperpolarisation 35mV concentration negatively falling undershoot opening negative rising 55mV 3 depolarisation slow positively influx 70mV restored polarised gradient 2 inside

During resting potential , voltage - gated Na + and K + channels are closed .
The inside of the axon is more charged than the outside .
Sodium - potassium pump maintains resting membrane potential value by pumping molecules of K + ions out of the cell , and molecules of Na + ions into the cell .
In this condition , the axon membrane is said to be .

When a stimulus is present , some voltage - gated + channels open , allowing Na + ions to diffuse into the cell , down its .
Voltage - gated K + channels remain closed .
As a result , the inside of the cell becomes more charged than the outside .
This situation is called the of the membrane .
If this depolarisation managed to bring the membrane potential value from - 70mV to - , which is the threshold level , a positive feedback mechanism will be triggered .
This positive feedback will result in the of more voltage - gated Na + channels .
This will result in sodium ions , therefore further depolarising the membrane of the axon .
This phase is known as the phase of action potential .
The membrane potential becomes positively charged due to the sodium influx , which is measured at around .

At the peak of action potential , a feedback will be triggered against the voltage - gated Na + channels .
Voltage - gated K + channels start to open , causing more K + ions to diffuse out of the axon cell .
As a result , the of the axon becomes more negatively charged .
This situation is called the repolarisation of the axon membrane , which is also known as the phase of action potential .

When the membrane potential starts to return to the resting potential value , which is - , voltage - gated K + channels start to close .
However , due to the and lagging closing of the voltage - gated K + channels , some K + ions managed to exit the cell , even after the resting potential value is achieved .
An is observed , where the membrane potential value becomes more negative than the resting potential value .
This incident is called the of the membrane .
Gradually , all voltage - gated K + and Na + channels manage to close .
Resting membrane potential value is .

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