Relier Pairs Encoding MemoriesVersion en ligne What is human Memory par Wendy Kennedy 1 Implicit Memory 2 Spacing Effect 3 Explicit Memories 4 Effortful Processing 5 Automatic Processing 6 Testing Effect 7 Mnemonics 8 Chunking 9 Shallow Processing 10 Iconic Memory 11 Echoic Memory 12 Deep Processing Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time and frequency, and of well learned information such as word meaning. Retention of learned skills (riding a bike) or classically conditioned associations (fear of dogs) independent of conscious recollection (also called non-declarative memory) Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort. Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices. Retention of facts and experiences that we can consciously know and "declare" (also called declarative memories) Encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words; tends to yield best retntion. Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically. A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second. Enhanced memory after retrieving , rather than simply rereading information. A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 to 4 seconds. The tendency to distribute study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through mass study and practice. Encoding on a basic level, based on the structure or appearance of words.
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