Probability theory, with a long maturity in the history of
science, is a branch of mathematics that developed rapidly during the first
half of the 20th century, building its analytical foundations on a solid
axiomatic body, especially in the fields .
The theory of probability has radiated its influence even in
the branches of mathematics itself, as has been the case of the so-called
theory of numbers. Currently it is essential for the study, development and
improvement of cryptographic methods and algorithms designed to preserve the
security of complex computer systems, highly sensitive in public life, such as
electronic money in the financial field or digital signature in the legal
field.