Test: Pharmacognosy (pharmacy)


PharmacognosyVersion en ligne Review of Pharmacognosy's 1st semester par Ángela Sanjurjo Añíbarro 1 Terpenes are… a Secondary metabolite synthesized by mevalonic pathway. b Compounds derived from the condensation of a variable number of isoprene units. c Referred as terpenoids because normally contain C, H and O. d All of them are correct 2 Sometimes it is difficult to identify the isoprene structure because… a The biosynthesis of terpenoids occurs in several stages b Sometimes they are highly modified compounds c Terpenoids are classified according to the number of isoprene units d It is possible to describe the addition of isoprene units using the terms head-to-tail or tail-to-tail in the same molecule 3 Regarding essential oils… a They are complex oily mixtures containing only aromatic compounds. b Sometimes they may be confused with other substances such as gums or resins c The most procedure for their obtention is steam distillation d They have high molecular weight 4 Irioids are… a Diterpenes derived from cyclopentanpyran skeleton b Can be produced by ants (genus Iridomyrmex) as a defensive secretion c They can be found as glycosides and esters but never as polycyclic compounds. d There's never a C atom lost in the structure (as for example in the Harpagophytum root). 5 Endocannabioids… a Are fatty acid derivatives b Have a phenolic portion and a side chain (formed through 2 Acetyl-Co A units) c All endocannabioids that have been described (around 60) are phenolic monoterpenes d The options a) and c) are correct 6 Cannabis sativa plant… a Contains only 50 different types of cannabinoids b Some of the cannabinoids are lipophilic but others are water-soluble c The most important cannabioids are: THC, CBD and CBN d None of the cannabinoids contained in the plant are volatile 7 Which of the following cannabinoid-containing crude drugs is NOT correct? a Leaves of Cannabis sativa b Male inflorescence of Cannabis sativa c Root of cannabis sativa d None of the options are correct 8 We know that Cannabioids bind to CB1 and CB2 receptors, but which of the following statements is the correct one: a The concentration of CB1 receptors in the body, is lower than other receptors (noradrenergic, dopaminergic and opioid receptors). b The concentration of CB1 receptors in the body, is higher than other receptors (noradrenergic, dopaminergic and opioid receptors). c CB1 receptors are in the peripherial NS d The concentration of CB2 receptors in the body, is higher than other receptors (noradrenergic, dopaminergic and opioid receptors). 9 Protosteryl cation… a If formed by means of the cyclase intervention and adopts a chair-chair chair-boat conformation b From this cation, only cycloartenol is obtained c They are still considered triterpenes. d All of them are correct 10 Saponins… a Secondary metabolites derived from squalene that produce foam when shaken b Are not glycosides c The crude drug is always the root. d are extracted by S/L extraction with DCM 11 According to what we studied about purification and isolation of saponins, we know that: a It is a Liquid-Liquid process performed with butanol b Diethyl ether can be used to precipitate them c Gel filtration, Partition and Ion exchange are different techniques to isolate them d All of them are correct 12 Which of the statements about cardioactive glycosides is NOT correct… a Come from mevalonic acid pathway b They are not soluble in water c They are weak molecules due to the presence of the lactone ring d The biogenetic precursor is called Pregnane 13 Which of the following colour reactions of the sugars is NOT correct… a Molish reaction b Keller-killiani reaction c Pesez reaction d Liebermann reaction 14 Molish reaction... a Uses alpha-napthtol and NaOH b Is specific of cardiotonic glycosides c Is a coloured reaction of steroid nucleus d Is a general characterization reaction of sugars

1

Terpenes are…

a

Secondary metabolite synthesized by mevalonic pathway.

b

Compounds derived from the condensation of a variable number of isoprene units.

c

Referred as terpenoids because normally contain C, H and O.

d

All of them are correct

2

Sometimes it is difficult to identify the isoprene structure because…

a

The biosynthesis of terpenoids occurs in several stages

b

Sometimes they are highly modified compounds

c

Terpenoids are classified according to the number of isoprene units

d

It is possible to describe the addition of isoprene units using the terms head-to-tail or tail-to-tail in the same molecule

3

Regarding essential oils…

a

They are complex oily mixtures containing only aromatic compounds.

b

Sometimes they may be confused with other substances such as gums or resins

c

The most procedure for their obtention is steam distillation

d

They have high molecular weight

4

Irioids are…

a

Diterpenes derived from cyclopentanpyran skeleton

b

Can be produced by ants (genus Iridomyrmex) as a defensive secretion

c

They can be found as glycosides and esters but never as polycyclic compounds.

d

There's never a C atom lost in the structure (as for example in the Harpagophytum root).

5

Endocannabioids…

a

Are fatty acid derivatives

b

Have a phenolic portion and a side chain (formed through 2 Acetyl-Co A units)

c

All endocannabioids that have been described (around 60) are phenolic monoterpenes

d

The options a) and c) are correct

6

Cannabis sativa plant…

a

Contains only 50 different types of cannabinoids

b

Some of the cannabinoids are lipophilic but others are water-soluble

c

The most important cannabioids are: THC, CBD and CBN

d

None of the cannabinoids contained in the plant are volatile

7

Which of the following cannabinoid-containing crude drugs is NOT correct?

a

Leaves of Cannabis sativa

b

Male inflorescence of Cannabis sativa

c

Root of cannabis sativa

d

None of the options are correct

8

We know that Cannabioids bind to CB1 and CB2 receptors, but which of the following statements is the correct one:

a

The concentration of CB1 receptors in the body, is lower than other receptors (noradrenergic, dopaminergic and opioid receptors).

b

The concentration of CB1 receptors in the body, is higher than other receptors (noradrenergic, dopaminergic and opioid receptors).

c

CB1 receptors are in the peripherial NS

d

The concentration of CB2 receptors in the body, is higher than other receptors (noradrenergic, dopaminergic and opioid receptors).

9

Protosteryl cation…

a

If formed by means of the cyclase intervention and adopts a chair-chair chair-boat conformation

b

From this cation, only cycloartenol is obtained

c

They are still considered triterpenes.

d

All of them are correct

10

Saponins…

a

Secondary metabolites derived from squalene that produce foam when shaken

b

Are not glycosides

c

The crude drug is always the root.

d

are extracted by S/L extraction with DCM

11

According to what we studied about purification and isolation of saponins, we know that:

a

It is a Liquid-Liquid process performed with butanol

b

Diethyl ether can be used to precipitate them

c

Gel filtration, Partition and Ion exchange are different techniques to isolate them

d

All of them are correct

12

Which of the statements about cardioactive glycosides is NOT correct…

a

Come from mevalonic acid pathway

b

They are not soluble in water

c

They are weak molecules due to the presence of the lactone ring

d

The biogenetic precursor is called Pregnane

13

Which of the following colour reactions of the sugars is NOT correct…

a

Molish reaction

b

Keller-killiani reaction

c

Pesez reaction

d

Liebermann reaction

14

Molish reaction...

a

Uses alpha-napthtol and NaOH

b

Is specific of cardiotonic glycosides

c

Is a coloured reaction of steroid nucleus

d

Is a general characterization reaction of sugars

Pharmacognosy

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PharmacognosyVersion en ligne

par Ángela Sanjurjo Añíbarro

Terpenes are…

Sometimes it is difficult to identify the isoprene structure because…

Regarding essential oils…

Irioids are…

Endocannabioids…

Cannabis sativa plant…

Which of the following cannabinoid-containing crude drugs is NOT correct?

We know that Cannabioids bind to CB1 and CB2 receptors, but which of the following statements is the correct one:

Protosteryl cation…

Saponins…

According to what we studied about purification and isolation of saponins, we know that:

Which of the statements about cardioactive glycosides is NOT correct…

Which of the following colour reactions of the sugars is NOT correct…

Molish reaction...