Organ Systems of the BodyVersion en ligne Identify each organ system of the body, stating the key organs and their basic functions. par Megan Gartland 1 Integumentary System 2 Skeletal System 3 Muscular System 4 Nervous System 5 Endocrine System 6 Cardiovascular System 7 Lymphatic System 8 Respiratory System 9 Digestive System 10 Urinary System 11 Reproductive System Protects the body from the external environment, excretes metabolic waste, helps to make vitamin D, and detects pain, touch, dehydration, and changes in temperature Skin, Hair, and Nails Protects the body, provides support and a framework for muscles to act upon, contains bone marrow for blood cells to develop in, and stores minerals such as calcium Bones, Joint Cartilage Enables the body to move by the action of opposing muscular contraction and relaxation. It also maintains posture and plays a role in thermoregulation Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Detecting changes (sensory function) in the internal and external environment, encoding them into electrical impulses, and transmitting them along the nerves Processing electrical impulses (integrative function) and making decisions, either consciously or unconsciously Activating effectors (motor function) to induce an appropriate response to initial stimulus. This can be muscular movement or glandular secretions Brain and Spinal Chord Hormones alter the metabolism of target cells. The hormone can be very specific, affecting only one cell type, or very general, affecting many cell types Pituitary, Thyroid, Pineal, Parathyroid, and Adrenal Glands Blood, Heart, and Blood Vessels Pumps blood around the body through the blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells and remove metabolic waste. Regulates the water content of body fluids, the acid-base balance, and the temperature of the body Llymph Fluid, Vessels, Nodes, Spleen, Nodules, and Thymus Responsible for transporting various substances; it takes lipids from the gastrointestinal tract to the blood, and transports protein and fluids back to the bloodstream. It is also responsible for the development of lymphocytes, the cells responsible for fighting disease Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, and Lungs Responsible for oxygen/carbon dioxide gas exchange with the blood and also involved in the regulation of acid-base balance and sound production Oral cavity, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Intestines, Salivary glands, Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas Responsible for the breakdown of ingested food, both physically and chemically, so that nutrients can be absorbed. It is also involved in the absorption of water and removal of undigested food Kidneys, Ureters, Urinary Bladder, and Urethra Filters blood in order to extract metabolic waste and maintain the acid-base and mineral balance. It is also helps to regulate the production of red blood cells Female: gonads (ovaries), uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, clitoris, labia, and mammary glands. Male: gonads (testes), epididymes, ductus deferens, penis, and scrotum Female gonads produce oocytes (the cells from which an egg develops) and also release hormones that regulate reproduction and development. Male gonads produce sperm and release hormones that regulate reproduction and development.