Compléter: Fill in the Blanks: Authoritarianism and Dictatorship


Compléter Fill in the Blanks: Authoritarianism and DictatorshipVersion en ligne Global History III, Unit 3 par Maria Pérez Morales 1 Yugoslavia democratic communist power democracies Adolf Josip democracy legitimacy 1933 support Hitler appointed military fascist franchise Weimar Argentina elite Broz seats Republic Germany Democracy and authoritarianism are not entirely separate categories . Some regimes used democratic elections to come to or legitimize their rule . One example is , who was Chancellor of Germany in after his party gained significant in democratic elections . His rise to power demonstrates how systems can be exploited by authoritarian figures . Similarly , regimes often rose with massive popular , challenging the narrative that they lacked . During WWII , Tito led the Yugoslav Partisans , one of the most effective resistance movements , and later enjoyed vast support in his rule over . Latin America oscillated between liberal and dictatorships . In , a 1930 coup supported by the Argentine Patriotic League overthrew President Hipólito Yrigoyen . Despite the rise of dictators , in 1914 had a male , and the initially functioned as a vibrant before collapsing due to extremism and economic crisis . 2 fascist opposites social similarities right repression private private totalitarian Leftist capitalism communist Mussolini economic Stalin violence political Hitler Historians debate whether and regimes were fundamentally different or shared key similarities . scholars argue that fascist regimes , such as those led by and , supported property and , whereas communist regimes like abolished ownership . This perspective sees fascism and communism as . Conversely , - leaning scholars focus on their , arguing that both fascists and communists relied on extreme and to maintain control , making them forms of regimes . A balanced view acknowledges that while fascist and communist regimes had ideological differences , they emerged from the same , , and crises of the early 20th century . 3 3 Reginald colonial Bengal Churchill Punjab dissent Europe Amritsar British Massacre Empire Dyer control violence Authoritarianism was not limited to . Late colonial regimes , such as the in India , were deeply authoritarian , using to suppress . A key example is the ( 1919 ) in , where British troops , under , fired on a peaceful crowd , killing over 1 , 000 people . This event exemplifies how regimes used violence to maintain . In ( 1943 ) , policies under ? s British government caused a famine , resulting in the deaths of around million people . 4 mythical of mass Stalin fasces militaristic humble Nuremberg Nations savior spectacle Mussolini historical events cinema media monuments uniforms photography Minh visionary parades propaganda Father propaganda public glorified Ho subdued Chi symbols radio cult crafted Authoritarian leaders carefully their image through , imagery , and public . linked his rule to the Roman Empire through symbols such as the . His regime emphasized imagery , large - scale , and grand speeches that the state and projected him as the of Italy . His use of , architecture , and further reinforced his authoritative image . Hitler cultivated the " of the Führer " with massive rallies like those in . These rallies were carefully orchestrated , using , , and choreographed displays to create an atmosphere of unity , strength , and devotion to the Nazi regime . and relied on more imagery but still developed personality cults through . Stalin was often depicted as the " , " a wise and paternal figure guiding the Soviet Union towards a prosperous future , while Ho Chi Minh was shown as a yet leader who embodied national liberation . Performativity in authoritarian regimes extended beyond leaders to spaces , where , statues , and reinforced their ideology . The staging of , the controlled use of and cinema , and the deliberate association of leaders with or figures helped sustain their rule . 5 purity Juventudes authoritarian Shirts men military Life devotion Chiang ideological Movement European nationalist warriors shek gender women Youth political instrumental sacrifice transmission RSS Young youth physical guiding Kai Frente collectivist communist Hindu conservative de brotherhood Confucian loyalty motherhood New Blue Hitler continuity discipline shaping paramilitary Pioneers Authoritarian regimes placed immense importance on indoctrination , recognizing that the younger generation would ensure long - term ideological and unwavering to the regime . ( Germany ) : Established to prepare young Germans for service and commitment to Nazi principles . Members underwent training , education , and drills . ( Spain ) : The youth wing of Francoist Spain , which promoted Catholic values , , and to the Spanish state . ( Soviet Union ) : Soviet youth were taught ideology , engaged in activities , and were encouraged to see Stalin as their figure . and ( China ) : Led by - , these organizations sought to instill and ideals while suppressing communist influence . Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh ( ) ( India ) : Inspired by fascist youth movements , the RSS promoted nationalism , military - style discipline , and ideological . These youth organizations created a sense of , hierarchy , and among young people . They were in spreading propaganda , reinforcing values , and ensuring the future of the regime ? s ideology . While young were trained as and defenders of the state , young were largely indoctrinated with traditional roles , often tasked with reinforcing national values through , caregiving , and cultural . 6 civil nationalism 1930s Ottoman Mustafa Republic 1920s Colonialism European British 1921 tribal 1919 Secularism 1930s 1936 railways secularized Dynasty Nationalism Alliance Atatürk military I 1920s military Modernization secularism Qajar Farouk 1923 1930s Hashemite Latin political 1921 clergy centralized identity Shah Reza Kemal landowners modernized Britain king Pahlavi a . Turkey under ( ) Atatürk abolished the Sultanate and established the of Turkey . His reforms and the state , including replacing Islamic law ( Sharia ) with secular codes . He also introduced the alphabet to replace the Arabic script . The state ideology was based on secularism , , and Turkish . b . Iran under ( - ) Reza Shah came to power in , overthrowing the dynasty . He authority , curbed leader power , and implemented modernization projects like roads and . His policies sought to limit the influence of the and promote . c . Iraq under the ( - ) Iraq emerged as a mandate after World War I , and Faisal I was installed as in . The regime relied on a coalition of elites , party organizations , and to maintain power . d . Egypt under ( ) Egypt moved towards independence after the revolution and the Anglo - Egyptian Treaty of . The monarchy under King Farouk I maintained close ties with . Common Features of Authoritarian Regimes - : French and British imperial priorities influenced regimes through agreements like the Sykes - Picot Agreement . - between : Military officers , elites , and landowners . - Rhetoric of : Regimes implemented national school systems , scientific institutions , and colleges . - and : Leaders like Atatürk and Reza Shah promoted secular nationalism to redefine national identity . 7 Nationalist humiliation Semitism War coups Turkish cycles 1919 Arab Anti economic Imperial 1948 secular frustration Latin Colonial scapegoats massacre defeat Catholic genocide violence Nazi social Military Ideology a . : Leaders capitalized on feelings of and , as seen in Germany with the regime after World War I . In Spain , Franco ? s regime tied itself to a conservative , identity . In Turkey , Atatürk ? s vision promoted a , modern identity . b . - : Nazi Germany used Jews as for the country ? s and economic challenges , leading to . In the world , antisemitism spread after the Arab - Israeli war of , under leaders like the Assads in Syria , Gaddafi in Libya , and Saddam Hussein in Iraq . c . and Conflict : The devastation of World War I led to and instability , which authoritarian leaders used to rise to power . In America , military replaced civilian governments , creating of authoritarian rule . d . and Influences : Colonial regimes used and repression , exemplified by the Jallianwala Bagh in India in . 8 Opposition spreading Personality Repression patriotic Roles Power Women of Youth mothers Propaganda Cult of Organizations Centralized fear a . : Leaders concentrated power in their hands , often dismantling democratic institutions . b . : Leaders like Hitler and Mussolini used propaganda to legitimize their rule . c . : Methods like secret police , censorship , and purges were used to eliminate dissent . d . : Leaders such as Mussolini , Hitler , and Stalin created a cult of personality to foster loyalty and . e . : Movements like the Hitler Youth in Germany and the Young Pioneers in the Soviet Union were central to authoritarian ideologies . f . ? s : In regimes like Nazi Germany , women were glorified as of the Aryan race , while in fascist Italy , motherhood was a duty .

1

Yugoslavia democratic communist power democracies Adolf Josip democracy legitimacy 1933 support Hitler appointed military fascist franchise Weimar Argentina elite Broz seats Republic Germany

Democracy and authoritarianism are not entirely separate categories . Some regimes used democratic elections to come to or legitimize their rule .

One example is , who was Chancellor of Germany in after his party gained significant in democratic elections . His rise to power demonstrates how systems can be exploited by authoritarian figures .

Similarly , regimes often rose with massive popular , challenging the narrative that they lacked . During WWII , Tito led the Yugoslav Partisans , one of the most effective resistance movements , and later enjoyed vast support in his rule over .

Latin America oscillated between liberal and dictatorships . In , a 1930 coup supported by the Argentine Patriotic League overthrew President Hipólito Yrigoyen .

Despite the rise of dictators , in 1914 had a male , and the initially functioned as a vibrant before collapsing due to extremism and economic crisis .

2

fascist opposites social similarities right repression private private totalitarian Leftist capitalism communist Mussolini economic Stalin violence political Hitler

Historians debate whether and regimes were fundamentally different or shared key similarities .

scholars argue that fascist regimes , such as those led by and , supported property and , whereas communist regimes like abolished ownership . This perspective sees fascism and communism as .

Conversely , - leaning scholars focus on their , arguing that both fascists and communists relied on extreme and to maintain control , making them forms of regimes .

A balanced view acknowledges that while fascist and communist regimes had ideological differences , they emerged from the same , , and crises of the early 20th century .

3

3 Reginald colonial Bengal Churchill Punjab dissent Europe Amritsar British Massacre Empire Dyer control violence

Authoritarianism was not limited to . Late colonial regimes , such as the in India , were deeply authoritarian , using to suppress .

A key example is the ( 1919 ) in , where British troops , under , fired on a peaceful crowd , killing over 1 , 000 people . This event exemplifies how regimes used violence to maintain .

In ( 1943 ) , policies under ? s British government caused a famine , resulting in the deaths of around million people .

4

mythical of mass Stalin fasces militaristic humble Nuremberg Nations savior spectacle Mussolini historical events cinema media monuments uniforms photography Minh visionary parades propaganda Father propaganda public glorified Ho subdued Chi symbols radio cult crafted

Authoritarian leaders carefully their image through , imagery , and public .

linked his rule to the Roman Empire through symbols such as the . His regime emphasized imagery , large - scale , and grand speeches that the state and projected him as the of Italy . His use of , architecture , and further reinforced his authoritative image .

Hitler cultivated the " of the Führer " with massive rallies like those in . These rallies were carefully orchestrated , using , , and choreographed displays to create an atmosphere of unity , strength , and devotion to the Nazi regime .

and relied on more imagery but still developed personality cults through . Stalin was often depicted as the " , " a wise and paternal figure guiding the Soviet Union towards a prosperous future , while Ho Chi Minh was shown as a yet leader who embodied national liberation .

Performativity in authoritarian regimes extended beyond leaders to spaces , where , statues , and reinforced their ideology . The staging of , the controlled use of and cinema , and the deliberate association of leaders with or figures helped sustain their rule .

5

purity Juventudes authoritarian Shirts men military Life devotion Chiang ideological Movement European nationalist warriors shek gender women Youth political instrumental sacrifice transmission RSS Young youth physical guiding Kai Frente collectivist communist Hindu conservative de brotherhood Confucian loyalty motherhood New Blue Hitler continuity discipline shaping paramilitary Pioneers

Authoritarian regimes placed immense importance on indoctrination , recognizing that the younger generation would ensure long - term ideological and unwavering to the regime .

( Germany ) : Established to prepare young Germans for service and commitment to Nazi principles . Members underwent training , education , and drills .

( Spain ) : The youth wing of Francoist Spain , which promoted Catholic values , , and to the Spanish state .

( Soviet Union ) : Soviet youth were taught ideology , engaged in activities , and were encouraged to see Stalin as their figure .

and ( China ) : Led by - , these organizations sought to instill and ideals while suppressing communist influence .

Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh ( ) ( India ) : Inspired by fascist youth movements , the RSS promoted nationalism , military - style discipline , and ideological .

These youth organizations created a sense of , hierarchy , and among young people . They were in spreading propaganda , reinforcing values , and ensuring the future of the regime ? s ideology .

While young were trained as and defenders of the state , young were largely indoctrinated with traditional roles , often tasked with reinforcing national values through , caregiving , and cultural .

6

civil nationalism 1930s Ottoman Mustafa Republic 1920s Colonialism European British 1921 tribal 1919 Secularism 1930s 1936 railways secularized Dynasty Nationalism Alliance Atatürk military I 1920s military Modernization secularism Qajar Farouk 1923 1930s Hashemite Latin political 1921 clergy centralized identity Shah Reza Kemal landowners modernized Britain king Pahlavi

a . Turkey under ( )
Atatürk abolished the Sultanate and established the of Turkey .
His reforms and the state , including replacing Islamic law ( Sharia ) with secular codes .
He also introduced the alphabet to replace the Arabic script .
The state ideology was based on secularism , , and Turkish .

b . Iran under ( - )
Reza Shah came to power in , overthrowing the dynasty .
He authority , curbed leader power , and implemented modernization projects like roads and .
His policies sought to limit the influence of the and promote .

c . Iraq under the ( - )
Iraq emerged as a mandate after World War I , and Faisal I was installed as in .
The regime relied on a coalition of elites , party organizations , and to maintain power .

d . Egypt under ( )
Egypt moved towards independence after the revolution and the Anglo - Egyptian Treaty of .
The monarchy under King Farouk I maintained close ties with .

Common Features of Authoritarian Regimes
- : French and British imperial priorities influenced regimes through agreements like the Sykes - Picot Agreement .
- between : Military officers , elites , and landowners .
- Rhetoric of : Regimes implemented national school systems , scientific institutions , and colleges .
- and : Leaders like Atatürk and Reza Shah promoted secular nationalism to redefine national identity .

7

Nationalist humiliation Semitism War coups Turkish cycles 1919 Arab Anti economic Imperial 1948 secular frustration Latin Colonial scapegoats massacre defeat Catholic genocide violence Nazi social Military Ideology

a . :
Leaders capitalized on feelings of and , as seen in Germany with the regime after World War I .
In Spain , Franco ? s regime tied itself to a conservative , identity .
In Turkey , Atatürk ? s vision promoted a , modern identity .

b . - :
Nazi Germany used Jews as for the country ? s and economic challenges , leading to .
In the world , antisemitism spread after the Arab - Israeli war of , under leaders like the Assads in Syria , Gaddafi in Libya , and Saddam Hussein in Iraq .

c . and Conflict :
The devastation of World War I led to and instability , which authoritarian leaders used to rise to power .
In America , military replaced civilian governments , creating of authoritarian rule .

d . and Influences :
Colonial regimes used and repression , exemplified by the Jallianwala Bagh in India in .

8

Opposition spreading Personality Repression patriotic Roles Power Women of Youth mothers Propaganda Cult of Organizations Centralized fear

a . : Leaders concentrated power in their hands , often dismantling democratic institutions .

b . : Leaders like Hitler and Mussolini used propaganda to legitimize their rule .

c . : Methods like secret police , censorship , and purges were used to eliminate dissent .

d . : Leaders such as Mussolini , Hitler , and Stalin created a cult of personality to foster loyalty and .

e . : Movements like the Hitler Youth in Germany and the Young Pioneers in the Soviet Union were central to authoritarian ideologies .

f . ? s : In regimes like Nazi Germany , women were glorified as of the Aryan race , while in fascist Italy , motherhood was a duty .

Fill in the Blanks: Authoritarianism and Dictatorship

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Fill in the Blanks: Authoritarianism and DictatorshipVersion en ligne

par Maria Pérez Morales

Yugoslavia democratic communist power democracies Adolf Josip democracy legitimacy 1933 support Hitler appointed military fascist franchise Weimar Argentina elite Broz seats Republic Germany

fascist opposites social similarities right repression private private totalitarian Leftist capitalism communist Mussolini economic Stalin violence political Hitler

3 Reginald colonial Bengal Churchill Punjab dissent Europe Amritsar British Massacre Empire Dyer control violence

mythical of mass Stalin fasces militaristic humble Nuremberg Nations savior spectacle Mussolini historical events cinema media monuments uniforms photography Minh visionary parades propaganda Father propaganda public glorified Ho subdued Chi symbols radio cult crafted

Nationalist humiliation Semitism War coups Turkish cycles 1919 Arab Anti economic Imperial 1948 secular frustration Latin Colonial scapegoats massacre defeat Catholic genocide violence Nazi social Military Ideology

Opposition spreading Personality Repression patriotic Roles Power Women of Youth mothers Propaganda Cult of Organizations Centralized fear