Relier Colonnes: Pharmacy Tech Training Program part 2 (employee training)


Relier Pairs Pharmacy Tech Training Program part 2Version en ligne Common Pharmacy Measurement Conversions, Business, Dosage Forms, Anatomy and Physiology overview, Filling Prescriptions, Hazardous Drugs, Third Party Payers, Reimbursement, Durable Medical Equipment and Supplies, Insurance par Diary Vang 1 I, i 2 1 pound 3 28.35 grams rounded up to 30 grams 4 1 ounce 5 1 teaspoon 6 1 kilogram 7 M, m 8 D, d 9 1 cubic centimeter 10 15 milliliter 11 C, c 12 X, x 13 1 grain 14 Eye drop Solution 15 V, v 16 Eye drop Suspensions 17 L, l 18 1 tablespoon 19 1 milliliter 3 teaspoon 20 drops 1 ounce Roman Numeral 10 2.2 pounds Roman Numeral 1000 1 milliliter Roman Numeral 1 Roman Numeral 5 5 milliliter 454 grams 30 milliliter 15 gtts/mL Roman Numeral 100 60 mg, 64.8 mg, or 65 mg Roman Numeral 50 20 gtts/mL 1 tablespoon Roman Numeral 500 1 TR 2 SA 3 SR 4 LA 5 Controlled-Release Tablets and Capsules 6 Gelcaps or liquid softgels 7 Oral Disintegrating Tablets (ODT) 8 Sublingual Tablets 9 Coated Tablets 10 Layered Tablets 11 Thin Strips 12 Buccal Tablets 13 Powders 14 ER 15 Caplets 16 Pills 17 Lozenges 18 Chewable Tablets 19 Capsules 20 Plain Tablets 21 Tablets 22 Effervescent Tablets Standard compressed tablets (SCT) Intended to be chewed before swallowing and absorbed through the GI tract Capsules filled with liquid medication Granules that are placed on the tongue and washed down with a drink of liquid Placed in between cheek and gum Small films that melt in the mouth Contain mixtures of acids and sodium or potassium bicarbonate, plus the active ingredients; releases carbon dioxide. Must dissolve in water first. Oblong, gelatin containers filled with medication Multiple compressed tablets (MCT) Also called wafers. Placed on top of the tongue. Made from a paste, rolled between first finger and thumb, then dried. Sustained-action Long-acting Also called troches. Held in mouth until dissolved. Releases medication over an extended period of time Placed under the tongue Extended-release Coating prevents tablet from dissolving in stomach Tablets shaped like capsules Sustained-release Produced by compression Timed-release 1 Metered-Dose Inhalers (MDI) 2 Pastes 3 Ophthalmic Dosage Forms 4 Transdermal Patches: Matrix 5 Tinctures 6 Elixirs 7 Solutions 8 Fluid Extracts 9 Transdermal Patches: Reservoir 10 Gels 11 Lotions 12 Soft-Mist Inhalers (SMI) 13 Inhalant (Nebulizer) Solutions 14 Liniments 15 Dry-Powder Inhalers (DPI) 16 Suspensions 17 Intranasal Dosage Forms 18 Collodions 19 Otic Dosage Forms 20 Spirits 21 Syrups 22 Ointments 23 Transdermal Patches 24 Reconstitution 25 Creams Use the force of the patient's breath to pull med into lungs Use a spring device to aerosolize the drug. Usually tube-shaped. Alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions prepared from vegetable extracts Come in solutions (acidic) and suspensions (thick). Cannot be used for the eye. Oil-based, greasy, semisolid preparations. Good for areas that need protection and for dry, scaly areas. Leaves a oily coating. Semisolid preparations that contain very small solid particles that are suspended in a liquid. Cooling sensation. Administered through the nose Semisolid emulsions of oil, water, and active ingredients. Good for weeping or oozing skin conditions. Concentrated solutions of sugar in water Highly flammable mixture in which the active ingredient is dissolved in alcohol and ether. Dries as a flexible film on the skin. Clear and transparent. Completely dissolved in a solvent. Liquid mixtures of various substances in an oil emulsion, or alcoholic solution of soap. Must be rubbed in with friction. Aren't well absorbed into the skin. Used to provide protective layer to affected area. Clear, sweetened, flavored, hydroalcoholic mixtures Solution placed in nebulizer creates mist inhaled by the patient through a mask Use a propellant (HFA) to carry drug into the lungs Controlled rate of drug administration. Prolonged action from a medication without taking multiple doses. Come in solutions, suspensions, and ointments. Must be sterile and formulated. Solid particles Drug is built into a solid matrix layer which is applied directly to the skin after protective liner is removed. Alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of volatile substances Drug is in liquid reservoir inside the patch Watery. Easily applied over large areas. Good for hairy areas of the body. Water or another diluent is added to a powder to make it into a solution or suspension Liquid extracts of vegetable drugs that contain alcohol as a solvent 1 Intramuscular (IM) Medications 2 Prefilled Syringes 3 Large-volume Preparations (LVP) 4 Urethral Suppositories 5 Hypotonic Solutions 6 IV Push 7 Small-Volume Preparations (SVP) 8 Hypertonic Solutions 9 Parenteral Dosage Forms 10 Vaginal Dosage Forms 11 Rectal Dosage Forms 12 Isotonic Solutions 13 Intradermal (ID) Medications 14 Multi-Dose Vials 15 Subcutaneous (SubQ, SC, SQ) Medications 16 Single-Dose Vials/Ampules 17 Intravenous (IV) Medications Administered through the rectum Contain < 250 mL of liquid. Usually dispensed in minibags and given over a short period of time. Usually piggybacked to the primary IV line. Have a fewer number of dissolved particles than blood. Cause cells to swell. Can lead to electrolyte imbalances. Can be used more than once because they contain preservatives Have the same number of dissolved particles as blood Injected into a vein One-time use because they do not contain preservatives Contain > 250 mL of liquid. Usually dispensed in IV bags and given as infusion. Injected between upper layers of skin, usually in arm or back. Require tiny needle to lessen discomfort and pain. Administered through the urethra Injected into muscle, usually the buttocks or deltoid. Injected into fatty tissue just below the skin or subcutaneous layer, usually the outside of the upper arm, top of thigh, or abdomen. Have a greater number of dissolved particles than blood. Cause cells to shrivel. Must be administered into large vein. Medication is in a vial or syringe and will be injected directly into the primary IV line Administered into or through the vagina Any drug or fluid that is injected into the body, usually through a needle Have medications already measured in a syringe with the needle attached, reduce dosing and administration errors. 1 Hair 2 Liver 3 Veins 4 Adrenal Glands 5 Pituitary Gland 6 Blood Vessels 7 Nails 8 Thyroid Gland 9 Pancreas 10 Heart 11 Brain 12 Spinal Cord 13 Diaphragm 14 Arteries 15 Mouth 16 Capillaries 17 Skin 18 Esophagus Connect arteries to veins Main stem of all the nerves in the body Provides protection to nail beds Muscle that contracts to allow lungs to expand and contract "Barrier" that prevents external pathogens or chemicals from entering the bloodstream Connect to the heart, made of arteries/veins/capillaries. Can expand or contract to decrease or increase blood pressure. Pumps blood to lungs to get oxygen and then pumps the oxygenated blood to the rest of the body's cells and tissues. Carry oxygenated blood to organs Organ on top of the kidneys. Secretes stimulating hormones to speed up heart rate. Carry non-oxygenated blood from organs Provides protection and helps regulate body temperature Processes nutrients from food or processes medications absorbed in the small intestines. Secretes thyroid hormone responsible for cell metabolism Secretes insulin and glucagon to decrease and increase blood glucose. Pipe from mouth to stomach Secretes hormones that regulate organ function in the body Chews and swallows food or medications Main part of the nervous center. Conveys thoughts, emotions and pain. 1 Diabetes 2 Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) 3 Psoriasis 4 Atrial Fibrillation 5 Acne 6 Hypercholesteremic (High Cholesterol) 7 Hepatitis 8 Hypothyroidism 9 Eczema 10 Arrhythmias 11 Skin Cancer 12 Hyperthyroidism 13 Dermatitis 14 Heart Failure 15 Embolism (Stroke) Patches of thick, red skin due to a buildup of skin cells Heart muscle is weakened and cannot pump blood appropriately from the heart. Fluid backs up into lungs and causes congestive heart failure. Inflammation of the skin Dry, itchy patches of skin Condition that occurs when blood sugar is too high for a long period of time Cholesterol builds up in the arteries. May cause a heart attack. Top chambers of heart don't beat normally and can cause blood clots Heart beats irregulary Makes too much thyroid hormone. Can caused weight loss, heart failure and hypertension. Doesn't make enough thyroid hormone. Can cause weight gain, hair thinning and depression. Inflammation of the liver due to alcohol, medications or viral infections. Most common cancer in the U.S. Abnormal skin cell production. EX: Melanoma. Hair follicles become plugged with oil and dead skin cells. It often causes whiteheads, blackheads, or pimples. Blood pressure is too high in the blood vessels. Can lead to rupturing of blood vessels, stroke and organ damage. Blood clot forms and blocks blood flow to an organ. Leads to tissue damage and death due to lack of blood flow. 1 Migraine 2 Nerves 3 Otitis Media 4 Allergies 5 Seizures 6 Parkinson's Disease 7 Glaucoma 8 Bipolar disorder 9 Alzheimer's Disease 10 Common Cold 11 Eye 12 Dry Eyes 13 Psychosis 14 Flu 15 Depression 16 Conjuctivitis 17 Insomnia 18 Pneumonia 19 Ear 20 COPD 21 Vertigo Chronic condition that narrows breathing airways; causes shortness of breath, mucus production and chest tightness Inflammation of the eye, usually due to infection Destruction of brain cells that produce acetylcholine. Causes dementia, trouble with speaking, writing, reading, etc. Insufficient tear production Usually viral; causes sneezing, stuffy nose and coughing Provides vision. Contains special fluid (aqueous humor), which helps reflect light to the back of the eye to provide sight. Inflammation of the airways due to virus, bacteria or fungi Increased fluid inside the eye that can place pressure on the optic nerve and damage it Severe headache. Causes head pain, nausea, vomiting and dizziness. Inflammation of the respiratory tract due to histamine release in the body; causes sneezing, mucous buildup, runny nose and coughing. Common sleep disorder. Have trouble falling or staying asleep. Hyperactivity of nerves in the brain. Causes involuntary movements and can cause loss of consciousness. Dizziness caused by fluid imbalance in the ear Provides hearing. Also responsible for sense of balance. Movement disorder. Brain cells don't produce enough dopamine. Causes symptoms like trembling of hands, arms, legs, jaw and face. Mental disorder that cycles between depression and mania (high feeling) Caused by virus; causes body aches, fever and headache Mental disorder caused by abnormal thinking and perceptions (hallucinations). May be called schizophrenia. Low serotonin in the brain. Causes depressed mod, insomnia, thoughts of suicide, etc. Connect from the spinal cord to the rest of the body. Carry signals from the body to the spinal cord and brain. Infection of the middle ear 1 Ureter 2 Ovary 3 Yeast Infection 4 Breast 5 Bladder 6 Uterus 7 Overactive Bladder 8 Prostate Cancer 9 Vagina 10 Penis 11 Erectile Dysfunction 12 Fallopian Tube 13 Pregnancy 14 Testis (Testes) 15 Menopause 16 Urinary Retention 17 Chronic Renal Failure 18 Acute Renal Failure 19 Prostate 20 Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) 21 Kidney 22 Urethra 23 Enlarged Prostate 24 Renal Failure 25 Breast Cancer Fetal growth for 9 months Site of male hormone and sperm production Fungal infection of the female genitals; can be caused by antibiotic uses; may cause itching, vaginal discharge, and discomfort. Constant contraction of the bladder muscle, causing frequent urination. Stores urine Primarily made of fat cells, glands and ducts for milk productions and flow. Usually due to injury of the kidney, lasts a short time and is usually reversible. Connects kidney to bladder A slow loss of kidney function over time and is usually not reversible. Passageway of the egg (ovum) from the ovary to the uterus Produces fluid for semen Allows for erection and passageway of sperm Abnormal cell growth in breast cells Site of fertilized egg implantation Urge to urinate, but can't. Site of female hormone and egg (ovum) production Cancer in the cells of the prostate Loss of kidney function which causes buildup of toxins in the blood. Carries urine out of the body Site of waste exchange and fluid absorption with the blood Can caused blockage of urine. Also called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Trouble getting or keeping an erection Site of menstrual flow during menses, as well as the passageway for baby during birth Ovaries stop producing estrogen and progesterone. Leads to hot flashes, depression, etc. Infection; causes pain and increased urges to urinate. 1 Out-of-Pocket Costs 2 Amber Prescription Vials 3 Amber Prescription Bottles 4 Prescription Label 5 Insurance Card 6 Prescription Labels 7 Open Enrollment 8 USP Chapter <800> 9 Original Containers 10 Counting Tray and Spatual 11 Third-Party Payers 12 Co-Pay 13 Ointment Jars 14 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 15 Coinsurance 16 Graduated Cylinder or Beaker 17 Adjudication 18 Tall Man Lettering 19 Formulary 20 Premium 21 Drug Tiers 22 Auxiliary Labels 23 Automated Dispensing Devices (ADDs) 24 Deductible Attach to the bottle or vial Standards for handling hazardous drugs in healthcare settings. May be enforced by state boards and accrediting bodies. Used as warnings and reminders to the patient about, how to take the medication, how to store the medication properly, possible side effects. Measured in drams, range in size from 10-60 dram. Smaller the number, smaller the size of the vial. Capitalizes certain letters in the spelling of the drug name to bring attention to the difference For liquid dosage form A list of drugs that are covered by insurance Contains list of hazardous drugs For solid dosage form Must include, patient's name, date the pharmacy processes the prescription, pharmacy's name, address and telephone number, prescription number, etc. Third-party payer process of accepting or denying a submitted claim. Generally done in a matter of seconds through the computer system. An amount of money the patient pays for their prescription Computerized devices used to store and dispense medications Portable contract that includes important details of plan coverage Categorize medications per cost. Vary from insurance companies and from plan to plan. Lowest tier is usually for generic medications. Measured in ounces. Range in size from 0.5-16 oz. Smaller the number, smaller the size of the jar. An ongoing amount paid by an individual to maintain insurance coverage A percentage of the drug cost to be paid for each prescription Annual period to select benefit coverage for the following calendar year Protection of medication. Prevents exposure to light and/or moisture. A set amount of money paid by the patient until the insurance pays for health coverage. Must be met before insurance will start covering the cost. Measured in milliliters and ounces. Range in size from 1-16 oz (30-480 mL). Smaller the number, smaller the size of the bottle. A company that provides reimbursement to healthcare providers for providing services Set amount of money a patient will pay for each prescription. Usually determined by which tier the medication falls into. 1 TRICARE 2 Medicaid 3 Formulary Tier 1 4 Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) 5 Medicare Part B 6 Managed Care Organizations (MCOs) 7 Medicare Part A 8 Original Medicare 9 Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) 10 Formulary Tier 3 11 Formulary Tier 4, 5, and 6 12 Medicare Part C 13 Formulary Tier 2 14 Medicare Part D 15 Medicare Typically includes generic drugs, lowest out-of-pocket costs Healthcare professionals assume some of the financial risks. Generally have in-network providers. Nation's largest health insurance program. Managed by the federal government. Medicare Part A plus Medicare Part B. Uses a red, white, and blue insurance card. Joint federal and state program. Helps patients whose income falls under the national poverty level with medical costs. Provides quality healthcare benefits to enrollees while keeping costs low. Usually offered to employees by their employers. Cover costs associated with doctor service, outpatient hospital care, physical therapy, DME, home healthcare, influenza, pneumococcal, Hep B, COVID-19 Part A plus Part B plus Part D. Medicare Advantage Plan or Medicare Health plan. Administered by private insurers. Healthcare professionals/hospitals treat patients for an agreed-upon rate. Patient may choose his or her own provider. Out-of-network care is covered. Preferred brand-name drugs, higher out-of-pocket costs Typically brand-name drugs not on formulary. May require a prior authorization from the prescriber. Department of Defense health insurance. Covers military members and their families. Uses DEERS system to track medical services. Usually very high-cost or specialty drugs Sponsored by the federal government and a private administrator. Covers costs associated with prescriptions. Vaccines not covered by Part B. Cover costs associated with hospital visits, care in a skilled nursing facility, hospice care, some home healthcare. Covers inpatient medication

1

I, i

2

1 pound

3

28.35 grams rounded up to 30 grams

4

1 ounce

5

1 teaspoon

6

1 kilogram

7

M, m

8

D, d

9

1 cubic centimeter

10

15 milliliter

11

C, c

12

X, x

13

1 grain

14

Eye drop Solution

15

V, v

16

Eye drop Suspensions

17

L, l

18

1 tablespoon

19

1 milliliter

3 teaspoon

20 drops

1 ounce

Roman Numeral 10

2.2 pounds

Roman Numeral 1000

1 milliliter

Roman Numeral 1

Roman Numeral 5

5 milliliter

454 grams

30 milliliter

15 gtts/mL

Roman Numeral 100

60 mg, 64.8 mg, or 65 mg

Roman Numeral 50

20 gtts/mL

1 tablespoon

Roman Numeral 500

1

TR

2

SA

3

SR

4

LA

5

Controlled-Release Tablets and Capsules

6

Gelcaps or liquid softgels

7

Oral Disintegrating Tablets (ODT)

8

Sublingual Tablets

9

Coated Tablets

10

Layered Tablets

11

Thin Strips

12

Buccal Tablets

13

Powders

14

ER

15

Caplets

16

Pills

17

Lozenges

18

Chewable Tablets

19

Capsules

20

Plain Tablets

21

Tablets

22

Effervescent Tablets

Standard compressed tablets (SCT)

Intended to be chewed before swallowing and absorbed through the GI tract

Capsules filled with liquid medication

Granules that are placed on the tongue and washed down with a drink of liquid

Placed in between cheek and gum

Small films that melt in the mouth

Contain mixtures of acids and sodium or potassium bicarbonate, plus the active ingredients; releases carbon dioxide. Must dissolve in water first.

Oblong, gelatin containers filled with medication

Multiple compressed tablets (MCT)

Also called wafers. Placed on top of the tongue.

Made from a paste, rolled between first finger and thumb, then dried.

Sustained-action

Long-acting

Also called troches. Held in mouth until dissolved.

Releases medication over an extended period of time

Placed under the tongue

Extended-release

Coating prevents tablet from dissolving in stomach

Tablets shaped like capsules

Sustained-release

Produced by compression

Timed-release

1

Metered-Dose Inhalers (MDI)

2

Pastes

3

Ophthalmic Dosage Forms

4

Transdermal Patches: Matrix

5

Tinctures

6

Elixirs

7

Solutions

8

Fluid Extracts

9

Transdermal Patches: Reservoir

10

Gels

11

Lotions

12

Soft-Mist Inhalers (SMI)

13

Inhalant (Nebulizer) Solutions

14

Liniments

15

Dry-Powder Inhalers (DPI)

16

Suspensions

17

Intranasal Dosage Forms

18

Collodions

19

Otic Dosage Forms

20

Spirits

21

Syrups

22

Ointments

23

Transdermal Patches

24

Reconstitution

25

Creams

Use the force of the patient's breath to pull med into lungs

Use a spring device to aerosolize the drug. Usually tube-shaped.

Alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions prepared from vegetable extracts

Come in solutions (acidic) and suspensions (thick). Cannot be used for the eye.

Oil-based, greasy, semisolid preparations. Good for areas that need protection and for dry, scaly areas. Leaves a oily coating.

Semisolid preparations that contain very small solid particles that are suspended in a liquid. Cooling sensation.

Administered through the nose

Semisolid emulsions of oil, water, and active ingredients. Good for weeping or oozing skin conditions.

Concentrated solutions of sugar in water

Highly flammable mixture in which the active ingredient is dissolved in alcohol and ether. Dries as a flexible film on the skin.

Clear and transparent. Completely dissolved in a solvent.

Liquid mixtures of various substances in an oil emulsion, or alcoholic solution of soap. Must be rubbed in with friction.

Aren't well absorbed into the skin. Used to provide protective layer to affected area.

Clear, sweetened, flavored, hydroalcoholic mixtures

Solution placed in nebulizer creates mist inhaled by the patient through a mask

Use a propellant (HFA) to carry drug into the lungs

Controlled rate of drug administration. Prolonged action from a medication without taking multiple doses.

Come in solutions, suspensions, and ointments. Must be sterile and formulated.

Solid particles

Drug is built into a solid matrix layer which is applied directly to the skin after protective liner is removed.

Alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of volatile substances

Drug is in liquid reservoir inside the patch

Watery. Easily applied over large areas. Good for hairy areas of the body.

Water or another diluent is added to a powder to make it into a solution or suspension

Liquid extracts of vegetable drugs that contain alcohol as a solvent

1

Intramuscular (IM) Medications

2

Prefilled Syringes

3

Large-volume Preparations (LVP)

4

Urethral Suppositories

5

Hypotonic Solutions

6

IV Push

7

Small-Volume Preparations (SVP)

8

Hypertonic Solutions

9

Parenteral Dosage Forms

10

Vaginal Dosage Forms

11

Rectal Dosage Forms

12

Isotonic Solutions

13

Intradermal (ID) Medications

14

Multi-Dose Vials

15

Subcutaneous (SubQ, SC, SQ) Medications

16

Single-Dose Vials/Ampules

17

Intravenous (IV) Medications

Administered through the rectum

Contain < 250 mL of liquid. Usually dispensed in minibags and given over a short period of time. Usually piggybacked to the primary IV line.

Have a fewer number of dissolved particles than blood. Cause cells to swell. Can lead to electrolyte imbalances.

Can be used more than once because they contain preservatives

Have the same number of dissolved particles as blood

Injected into a vein

One-time use because they do not contain preservatives

Contain > 250 mL of liquid. Usually dispensed in IV bags and given as infusion.

Injected between upper layers of skin, usually in arm or back. Require tiny needle to lessen discomfort and pain.

Administered through the urethra

Injected into muscle, usually the buttocks or deltoid.

Injected into fatty tissue just below the skin or subcutaneous layer, usually the outside of the upper arm, top of thigh, or abdomen.

Have a greater number of dissolved particles than blood. Cause cells to shrivel. Must be administered into large vein.

Medication is in a vial or syringe and will be injected directly into the primary IV line

Administered into or through the vagina

Any drug or fluid that is injected into the body, usually through a needle

Have medications already measured in a syringe with the needle attached, reduce dosing and administration errors.

1

Hair

2

Liver

3

Veins

4

Adrenal Glands

5

Pituitary Gland

6

Blood Vessels

7

Nails

8

Thyroid Gland

9

Pancreas

10

Heart

11

Brain

12

Spinal Cord

13

Diaphragm

14

Arteries

15

Mouth

16

Capillaries

17

Skin

18

Esophagus

Connect arteries to veins

Main stem of all the nerves in the body

Provides protection to nail beds

Muscle that contracts to allow lungs to expand and contract

"Barrier" that prevents external pathogens or chemicals from entering the bloodstream

Connect to the heart, made of arteries/veins/capillaries. Can expand or contract to decrease or increase blood pressure.

Pumps blood to lungs to get oxygen and then pumps the oxygenated blood to the rest of the body's cells and tissues.

Carry oxygenated blood to organs

Organ on top of the kidneys. Secretes stimulating hormones to speed up heart rate.

Carry non-oxygenated blood from organs

Provides protection and helps regulate body temperature

Processes nutrients from food or processes medications absorbed in the small intestines.

Secretes thyroid hormone responsible for cell metabolism

Secretes insulin and glucagon to decrease and increase blood glucose.

Pipe from mouth to stomach

Secretes hormones that regulate organ function in the body

Chews and swallows food or medications

Main part of the nervous center. Conveys thoughts, emotions and pain.

1

Diabetes

2

Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

3

Psoriasis

4

Atrial Fibrillation

5

Acne

6

Hypercholesteremic (High Cholesterol)

7

Hepatitis

8

Hypothyroidism

9

Eczema

10

Arrhythmias

11

Skin Cancer

12

Hyperthyroidism

13

Dermatitis

14

Heart Failure

15

Embolism (Stroke)

Patches of thick, red skin due to a buildup of skin cells

Heart muscle is weakened and cannot pump blood appropriately from the heart. Fluid backs up into lungs and causes congestive heart failure.

Inflammation of the skin

Dry, itchy patches of skin

Condition that occurs when blood sugar is too high for a long period of time

Cholesterol builds up in the arteries. May cause a heart attack.

Top chambers of heart don't beat normally and can cause blood clots

Heart beats irregulary

Makes too much thyroid hormone. Can caused weight loss, heart failure and hypertension.

Doesn't make enough thyroid hormone. Can cause weight gain, hair thinning and depression.

Inflammation of the liver due to alcohol, medications or viral infections.

Most common cancer in the U.S. Abnormal skin cell production. EX: Melanoma.

Hair follicles become plugged with oil and dead skin cells. It often causes whiteheads, blackheads, or pimples.

Blood pressure is too high in the blood vessels. Can lead to rupturing of blood vessels, stroke and organ damage.

Blood clot forms and blocks blood flow to an organ. Leads to tissue damage and death due to lack of blood flow.

1

Migraine

2

Nerves

3

Otitis Media

4

Allergies

5

Seizures

6

Parkinson's Disease

7

Glaucoma

8

Bipolar disorder

9

Alzheimer's Disease

10

Common Cold

11

Eye

12

Dry Eyes

13

Psychosis

14

Flu

15

Depression

16

Conjuctivitis

17

Insomnia

18

Pneumonia

19

Ear

20

COPD

21

Vertigo

Chronic condition that narrows breathing airways; causes shortness of breath, mucus production and chest tightness

Inflammation of the eye, usually due to infection

Destruction of brain cells that produce acetylcholine. Causes dementia, trouble with speaking, writing, reading, etc.

Insufficient tear production

Usually viral; causes sneezing, stuffy nose and coughing

Provides vision. Contains special fluid (aqueous humor), which helps reflect light to the back of the eye to provide sight.

Inflammation of the airways due to virus, bacteria or fungi

Increased fluid inside the eye that can place pressure on the optic nerve and damage it

Severe headache. Causes head pain, nausea, vomiting and dizziness.

Inflammation of the respiratory tract due to histamine release in the body; causes sneezing, mucous buildup, runny nose and coughing.

Common sleep disorder. Have trouble falling or staying asleep.

Hyperactivity of nerves in the brain. Causes involuntary movements and can cause loss of consciousness.

Dizziness caused by fluid imbalance in the ear

Provides hearing. Also responsible for sense of balance.

Movement disorder. Brain cells don't produce enough dopamine. Causes symptoms like trembling of hands, arms, legs, jaw and face.

Mental disorder that cycles between depression and mania (high feeling)

Caused by virus; causes body aches, fever and headache

Mental disorder caused by abnormal thinking and perceptions (hallucinations). May be called schizophrenia.

Low serotonin in the brain. Causes depressed mod, insomnia, thoughts of suicide, etc.

Connect from the spinal cord to the rest of the body. Carry signals from the body to the spinal cord and brain.

Infection of the middle ear

1

Ureter

2

Ovary

3

Yeast Infection

4

Breast

5

Bladder

6

Uterus

7

Overactive Bladder

8

Prostate Cancer

9

Vagina

10

Penis

11

Erectile Dysfunction

12

Fallopian Tube

13

Pregnancy

14

Testis (Testes)

15

Menopause

16

Urinary Retention

17

Chronic Renal Failure

18

Acute Renal Failure

19

Prostate

20

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

21

Kidney

22

Urethra

23

Enlarged Prostate

24

Renal Failure

25

Breast Cancer

Fetal growth for 9 months

Site of male hormone and sperm production

Fungal infection of the female genitals; can be caused by antibiotic uses; may cause itching, vaginal discharge, and discomfort.

Constant contraction of the bladder muscle, causing frequent urination.

Stores urine

Primarily made of fat cells, glands and ducts for milk productions and flow.

Usually due to injury of the kidney, lasts a short time and is usually reversible.

Connects kidney to bladder

A slow loss of kidney function over time and is usually not reversible.

Passageway of the egg (ovum) from the ovary to the uterus

Produces fluid for semen

Allows for erection and passageway of sperm

Abnormal cell growth in breast cells

Site of fertilized egg implantation

Urge to urinate, but can't.

Site of female hormone and egg (ovum) production

Cancer in the cells of the prostate

Loss of kidney function which causes buildup of toxins in the blood.

Carries urine out of the body

Site of waste exchange and fluid absorption with the blood

Can caused blockage of urine. Also called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Trouble getting or keeping an erection

Site of menstrual flow during menses, as well as the passageway for baby during birth

Ovaries stop producing estrogen and progesterone. Leads to hot flashes, depression, etc.

Infection; causes pain and increased urges to urinate.

1

Out-of-Pocket Costs

2

Amber Prescription Vials

3

Amber Prescription Bottles

4

Prescription Label

5

Insurance Card

6

Prescription Labels

7

Open Enrollment

8

USP Chapter <800>

9

Original Containers

10

Counting Tray and Spatual

11

Third-Party Payers

12

Co-Pay

13

Ointment Jars

14

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

15

Coinsurance

16

Graduated Cylinder or Beaker

17

Adjudication

18

Tall Man Lettering

19

Formulary

20

Premium

21

Drug Tiers

22

Auxiliary Labels

23

Automated Dispensing Devices (ADDs)

24

Deductible

Attach to the bottle or vial

Standards for handling hazardous drugs in healthcare settings. May be enforced by state boards and accrediting bodies.

Used as warnings and reminders to the patient about, how to take the medication, how to store the medication properly, possible side effects.

Measured in drams, range in size from 10-60 dram. Smaller the number, smaller the size of the vial.

Capitalizes certain letters in the spelling of the drug name to bring attention to the difference

For liquid dosage form

A list of drugs that are covered by insurance

Contains list of hazardous drugs

For solid dosage form

Must include, patient's name, date the pharmacy processes the prescription, pharmacy's name, address and telephone number, prescription number, etc.

Third-party payer process of accepting or denying a submitted claim. Generally done in a matter of seconds through the computer system.

An amount of money the patient pays for their prescription

Computerized devices used to store and dispense medications

Portable contract that includes important details of plan coverage

Categorize medications per cost. Vary from insurance companies and from plan to plan. Lowest tier is usually for generic medications.

Measured in ounces. Range in size from 0.5-16 oz. Smaller the number, smaller the size of the jar.

An ongoing amount paid by an individual to maintain insurance coverage

A percentage of the drug cost to be paid for each prescription

Annual period to select benefit coverage for the following calendar year

Protection of medication. Prevents exposure to light and/or moisture.

A set amount of money paid by the patient until the insurance pays for health coverage. Must be met before insurance will start covering the cost.

Measured in milliliters and ounces. Range in size from 1-16 oz (30-480 mL). Smaller the number, smaller the size of the bottle.

A company that provides reimbursement to healthcare providers for providing services

Set amount of money a patient will pay for each prescription. Usually determined by which tier the medication falls into.

1

TRICARE

2

Medicaid

3

Formulary Tier 1

4

Preferred Provider Organization (PPO)

5

Medicare Part B

6

Managed Care Organizations (MCOs)

7

Medicare Part A

8

Original Medicare

9

Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)

10

Formulary Tier 3

11

Formulary Tier 4, 5, and 6

12

Medicare Part C

13

Formulary Tier 2

14

Medicare Part D

15

Medicare

Typically includes generic drugs, lowest out-of-pocket costs

Healthcare professionals assume some of the financial risks. Generally have in-network providers.

Nation's largest health insurance program. Managed by the federal government.

Medicare Part A plus Medicare Part B. Uses a red, white, and blue insurance card.

Joint federal and state program. Helps patients whose income falls under the national poverty level with medical costs.

Provides quality healthcare benefits to enrollees while keeping costs low. Usually offered to employees by their employers.

Cover costs associated with doctor service, outpatient hospital care, physical therapy, DME, home healthcare, influenza, pneumococcal, Hep B, COVID-19

Part A plus Part B plus Part D. Medicare Advantage Plan or Medicare Health plan. Administered by private insurers.

Healthcare professionals/hospitals treat patients for an agreed-upon rate. Patient may choose his or her own provider. Out-of-network care is covered.

Preferred brand-name drugs, higher out-of-pocket costs

Typically brand-name drugs not on formulary. May require a prior authorization from the prescriber.

Department of Defense health insurance. Covers military members and their families. Uses DEERS system to track medical services.

Usually very high-cost or specialty drugs

Sponsored by the federal government and a private administrator. Covers costs associated with prescriptions. Vaccines not covered by Part B.

Cover costs associated with hospital visits, care in a skilled nursing facility, hospice care, some home healthcare. Covers inpatient medication

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