Here's an outline of the literary devices covered in the Junior High School (JHS) Basic Education Certificate Examination (BECE) syllabus, along with brief explanations and examples for each:

Simile:

Definition: A figure of speech that makes a comparison between two different things using "like" or "as".
Example: "He is as brave as a lion."
Metaphor:

Definition: A figure of speech that makes a direct comparison between two unlike things without using "like" or "as".
Example: "Time is a thief."
Personification:

Definition: A figure of speech in which human qualities are given to animals, objects, or ideas.
Example: "The wind whispered through the trees."
Alliteration:

Definition: The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words in a sentence or phrase.
Example: "She sells seashells by the seashore."
Onomatopoeia:

Definition: A word that imitates the sound it represents.
Example: "The bees buzzed."
Hyperbole:

Definition: An exaggerated statement not meant to be taken literally.
Example: "I'm so hungry I could eat a horse."
Irony:

Definition: A figure of speech where the intended meaning is different from the actual meaning of the words.
Types: Verbal irony, situational irony, and dramatic irony.
Example: Verbal irony - Saying "Oh, great!" when something bad happens.
Euphemism:

Definition: A mild or indirect word or expression used in place of one considered too harsh or blunt.
Example: "Passed away" instead of "died."
Oxymoron:

Definition: A figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction.
Example: "Bitter sweet."
Paradox:

Definition: A statement that contradicts itself but might contain a truth.
Example: "Less is more."
Symbolism:

Definition: The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities.
Example: A dove representing peace.
Imagery:

Definition: Descriptive language that creates a picture in the reader's mind by appealing to the senses.
Example: "The crisp autumn leaves crunched underfoot."
Allusion:

Definition: A reference to another work of literature, person, or event.
Example: "He was a real Romeo with the ladies."
Anaphora:

Definition: The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses.
Example: "Every day, every night, in every way, I am getting better and better."
Juxtaposition:

Definition: Placing two elements or ideas close together or side by side to compare and contrast them.
Example: "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times."
Flashback:

Definition: A scene set in a time earlier than the main story.
Example: A character remembering their childhood.
Flash-forward:

Definition: A scene that takes the narrative forward in time from the current point of the story.
Example: A glimpse into a character's future.
Cliffhanger:

Definition: A suspenseful situation or ending that leaves the reader or audience wanting more.
Example: "As he opened the door, he saw..."
Epiphany:

Definition: A moment of sudden revelation or insight.
Example: "Suddenly, she realized the solution."
Motif:

Definition: A recurring element that has symbolic significance in a story.
Example: The recurring theme of darkness in "Macbeth."
Tone:

Definition: The writer's attitude toward the subject or audience.
Example: Sarcastic, serious, humorous.
Mood:

Definition: The feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader.
Example: An eerie mood created by a description of a haunted house.
Theme:

Definition: The central topic or idea explored in a text.
Example: The theme of ambition in "Macbeth."
Satire:

Definition: The use of humor, irony, or ridicule to criticize and expose flaws in society, individuals, or institutions.
Example: Jonathan Swift's "A Modest Proposal."
These literary devices are fundamental to understanding and analyzing texts in the JHS BECE syllabus. They help students recognize how writers convey meaning, create effects, and evoke responses from their audience.