Test: Lexical Relations (grado superior


Lexical RelationsVersion en ligne Lexical relations par María José Jurado 1 What is the term defined by this definition?: Relationship of incompatibility between two terms with respect to some given dimension of contrast. a Synonymy b Antonymy c homonymy d meronymy 2 Some words seem to have more than one antonym, depending on the dimension of contrast involved, select the correct examples: Choose one or more answers a pass-failure/wrong b male-female/feminine c girl-boy/woman d sweet-bitter/sour 3 Non-gradable antonyms.... a contain a midpoint (hot-cold) b do not admit a midpoint (male-female, pass-fail) 4 The fact that gradable antonyms occur on a scale means that they are open to... a nothing b everything c go to the beach d comparison 5 In pairs of adjectival gradable antonyms the neutral or uncommitted member is: Choose one or more answers a the first term b the second term c one of the members often behaves `neutrally´in questions and comparative constructions d it does not exist e it simply serves to invoke the dimension of contrast as a whole, without attributing either of the opposed properties to the object it qualifies 6 The gradable antonyms in which neither of the members are neutral are... (2 valid) Choose one or more answers a it does not exist b equipollent c wrong d symmetrical in their distribution and interpretation 7 words which have more than one meaning can be seen as autoantonymous because of... a the context b the weather c the opposite character of their meanings (temper: `to harden´ or `to soften´) d 8 What is the relationship between "hand" and "arm"? a Hand is a holonym of arm. b Arm is a meronym of hand. c Hand is a synonym of arm. d Arm is a hypernym of hand. 9 In English, which type of meronymy refers to the relationship between a functional component and its whole? a Heart-Body b Brain-Computer c Wing-Birdhouse d Steering Wheel-Carrot 10 What type of meronymy describes the relationship between a segment and a preexisting whole? a Slice-Cake b Feather-Bird c Tire-Bicycle d Keyboard-Computer 11 Which type of meronymy involves the relationship between a member and a collection? a Tail-Dog b Leaf-Tree c Window-House d Sheep-Flock 12 Identify the type of meronymy that describes the relationship between a subset and a set. a Pizza-Drink b Guitar-Song c Fruit-Food d Hat-Animal 13 According to Winston, Chaffin, and Herrmann (1987), which type of "part of" relationship involves a portion and a mass? a Button-Shirt b Unicorn-Camera c Happy-Dog d Slice-Pizza 14 According to Winston, Chaffin, and Herrmann (1987), which type of "part of" relationship involves a feature and an activity? a Book-Jumping b Paying-Shopping c Hat-Running d Cat-Writing 15 Which of the following accurately describes hyponymy? a Hyponymy is only relevant in English language discourse b Hyponymy is always transitive in nature c Hyponymy defines a strict class-inclusion relationship between words d Hyponymy is primarily used to establish linguistic hierarchies 16 In which context can hyponymy be particularly challenging to identify? a In English literature from the 19th century b In languages with classifier systems c In highly formalized scientific discourse d In languages with a limited vocabulary 17 Which of the following examples demonstrates hyponymy? a A hang-glider is a kind of kite b A DVD is a kind of video c Writing is a kind of drawing d A zebra is a kind of horse 18 Which statement about hyponymy is true? a Hyponymy is irrelevant in the context of taxonomy. b Hyponymy's primary function is to create linguistic ambiguity. c Hyponymy cannot be identified in languages other than English. d Hyponymy can facilitate cross-cultural communication by providing varying levels of categorization 19 "Tubers" is a hyponym of: a Potatoes b Vegetables c Carrots d Roots 20 Which of the following pairs is a hyponymy? a bedroom-frying pans b school-hospital c beverage-orange juice d classroom-cafeteria 21 'Silver, Iron, Copper, Gold and Nickel' are hyponyms of which word? a Steel b Mineral c Chemistry d Metal 22 What are primary lexemes in taxonomies? a Primary lexemes are simple, unitary words like "plant," "tree," "oak," "bird," and "robin." b Primary lexemes are known as binomial labels. c Primary lexemes are fundamental terms used to categorize organisms in scientific research. d Primary lexemes are basic building blocks used by linguists to construct treehouses in the forest canopy. 23 Give an example of a secondary lexeme. a "Whispering breeze" b "breeze" c "oak" d "White oak" 24 What purpose do secondary lexemes serve in taxonomies? a Secondary lexemes help to assign meaning to a pair of words. b Secondary lexemes are poetic names bestowed upon trees by forest elves. c Secondary lexemes are mystical chants sung by druids to summon tree spirits. d Secondary lexemes help distinguish specific subcategories within a taxonomy. 25 Describe an intermediate rank within a taxonomy. a An intermediate rank refines categories within the taxonomy, like "evergreen (tree)" in English. b An intermediate rank is a hidden level in the forest where wise old owls teach young saplings about tree wisdom. c An intermediate rank subdivides different language taxonomies into multiple ones like “white” and “oak”. d An intermediate rank is a mystical portal guarded by tree guardians, granting access to the secret realm of the Woodland Council. 26 How do we call words that belong to the same taxonomic level?: a taxonomic brothers b taxonomic sisters c taxonomic friends. d taxonomic daughters. 27 What is a Synonym? a A word that has multiple meanings. b A word that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another word. c A word that is spelled similarly to another word. d A word that has the opposite meaning as another word. 28 Are synonyms context-dependant? a Yes, because words that occupy different spaces within the sentence cannot be interchanged. b Yes, the meaning of a word changes with context, hence the synonym variance. c No, because context does not affect the meaning of a word. d No, synonyms are always “close enough”. 29 Are synonyms gradable or non-gradable? a Non-Gradable b Gradable c Both d 30 How is synonymy graded? a Depends on “how natural” the replacement feels. b The more antonyms they share, the greater synonymy grade they have. c The closer the pronunciation or etymology is, the more synonymous they are. d The more interchangeable words are, the more synonymous they are. 31 Do all languages share the same synonyms? a Yes. b No. c Only languages from the same family. d 32 What is an entailment relation? a When the truth of one sentence requires the truth of another sentence. b When two sentences have similar meanings. c When the truth of one sentence contradicts the truth of another sentence. d When two sentences are unrelated. 33 What is a troponym? a A word that specifies a manner of doing something. b A word that represents a whole of another word. c A word that has the opposite meaning as another word. d A word that is unrelated to other words. 34 What is a co-hyponym? a Words that are antonyms. b Words that are unrelated to each other. c Words that share a common hypernym. d Words that are synonyms. 35 What is a polysemy relation? a When a single word has multiple related meanings. b When a single word has unrelated meanings. c When a single word has only one meaning. d When two words have the same meaning. Feedback 5 Example: “How good is that film?” does not imply that the film is good and the answer “It is quite bad” implies that it is bad. 6 However, such properties are quite context-dependent. Example: “How hot is the saucepan?” implies that the saucepan is hot, and “How cold is the saucepan?” implies that the saucepan is cold. 7 According to Murphy, contextual factors limit the risk of confusion in many of these cases.

1

What is the term defined by this definition?: Relationship of incompatibility between two terms with respect to some given dimension of contrast.

a

Synonymy

b

Antonymy

c

homonymy

d

meronymy

2

Some words seem to have more than one antonym, depending on the dimension of contrast involved, select the correct examples:

Choose one or more answers

a

pass-failure/wrong

b

male-female/feminine

c

girl-boy/woman

d

sweet-bitter/sour

3

Non-gradable antonyms....

a

contain a midpoint (hot-cold)

b

do not admit a midpoint (male-female, pass-fail)

4

The fact that gradable antonyms occur on a scale means that they are open to...

a

nothing

b

everything

c

go to the beach

d

comparison

5

In pairs of adjectival gradable antonyms the neutral or uncommitted member is:

Choose one or more answers

a

the first term

b

the second term

c

one of the members often behaves `neutrally´in questions and comparative constructions

d

it does not exist

e

it simply serves to invoke the dimension of contrast as a whole, without attributing either of the opposed properties to the object it qualifies

6

The gradable antonyms in which neither of the members are neutral are... (2 valid)

Choose one or more answers

a

it does not exist

b

equipollent

c

wrong

d

symmetrical in their distribution and interpretation

7

words which have more than one meaning can be seen as autoantonymous because of...

a

the context

b

the weather

c

the opposite character of their meanings (temper: `to harden´ or `to soften´)

d

8

What is the relationship between "hand" and "arm"?

a

Hand is a holonym of arm.

b

Arm is a meronym of hand.

c

Hand is a synonym of arm.

d

Arm is a hypernym of hand.

9

In English, which type of meronymy refers to the relationship between a functional component and its whole?

a

Heart-Body

b

Brain-Computer

c

Wing-Birdhouse

d

Steering Wheel-Carrot

10

What type of meronymy describes the relationship between a segment and a preexisting whole?

a

Slice-Cake

b

Feather-Bird

c

Tire-Bicycle

d

Keyboard-Computer

11

Which type of meronymy involves the relationship between a member and a collection?

a

Tail-Dog

b

Leaf-Tree

c

Window-House

d

Sheep-Flock

12

Identify the type of meronymy that describes the relationship between a subset and a set.

a

Pizza-Drink

b

Guitar-Song

c

Fruit-Food

d

Hat-Animal

13

According to Winston, Chaffin, and Herrmann (1987), which type of "part of" relationship involves a portion and a mass?

a

Button-Shirt

b

Unicorn-Camera

c

Happy-Dog

d

Slice-Pizza

14

According to Winston, Chaffin, and Herrmann (1987), which type of "part of" relationship involves a feature and an activity?

a

Book-Jumping

b

Paying-Shopping

c

Hat-Running

d

Cat-Writing

15

Which of the following accurately describes hyponymy?

a

Hyponymy is only relevant in English language discourse

b

Hyponymy is always transitive in nature

c

Hyponymy defines a strict class-inclusion relationship between words

d

Hyponymy is primarily used to establish linguistic hierarchies

16

In which context can hyponymy be particularly challenging to identify?

a

In English literature from the 19th century

b

In languages with classifier systems

c

In highly formalized scientific discourse

d

In languages with a limited vocabulary

17

Which of the following examples demonstrates hyponymy?

a

A hang-glider is a kind of kite

b

A DVD is a kind of video

c

Writing is a kind of drawing

d

A zebra is a kind of horse

18

Which statement about hyponymy is true?

a

Hyponymy is irrelevant in the context of taxonomy.

b

Hyponymy's primary function is to create linguistic ambiguity.

c

Hyponymy cannot be identified in languages other than English.

d

Hyponymy can facilitate cross-cultural communication by providing varying levels of categorization

19

"Tubers" is a hyponym of:

a

Potatoes

b

Vegetables

c

Carrots

d

Roots

20

Which of the following pairs is a hyponymy?

a

bedroom-frying pans

b

school-hospital

c

beverage-orange juice

d

classroom-cafeteria

21

'Silver, Iron, Copper, Gold and Nickel' are hyponyms of which word?

a

Steel

b

Mineral

c

Chemistry

d

Metal

22

What are primary lexemes in taxonomies?

a

Primary lexemes are simple, unitary words like "plant," "tree," "oak," "bird," and "robin."

b

Primary lexemes are known as binomial labels.

c

Primary lexemes are fundamental terms used to categorize organisms in scientific research.

d

Primary lexemes are basic building blocks used by linguists to construct treehouses in the forest canopy.

23

Give an example of a secondary lexeme.

a

"Whispering breeze"

b

"breeze"

c

"oak"

d

"White oak"

24

What purpose do secondary lexemes serve in taxonomies?

a

Secondary lexemes help to assign meaning to a pair of words.

b

Secondary lexemes are poetic names bestowed upon trees by forest elves.

c

Secondary lexemes are mystical chants sung by druids to summon tree spirits.

d

Secondary lexemes help distinguish specific subcategories within a taxonomy.

25

Describe an intermediate rank within a taxonomy.

a

An intermediate rank refines categories within the taxonomy, like "evergreen (tree)" in English.

b

An intermediate rank is a hidden level in the forest where wise old owls teach young saplings about tree wisdom.

c

An intermediate rank subdivides different language taxonomies into multiple ones like “white” and “oak”.

d

An intermediate rank is a mystical portal guarded by tree guardians, granting access to the secret realm of the Woodland Council.

26

How do we call words that belong to the same taxonomic level?:

a

taxonomic brothers

b

taxonomic sisters

c

taxonomic friends.

d

taxonomic daughters.

27

What is a Synonym?

a

A word that has multiple meanings.

b

A word that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another word.

c

A word that is spelled similarly to another word.

d

A word that has the opposite meaning as another word.

28

Are synonyms context-dependant?

a

Yes, because words that occupy different spaces within the sentence cannot be interchanged.

b

Yes, the meaning of a word changes with context, hence the synonym variance.

c

No, because context does not affect the meaning of a word.

d

No, synonyms are always “close enough”.

29

Are synonyms gradable or non-gradable?

a

Non-Gradable

b

Gradable

c

Both

d

30

How is synonymy graded?

a

Depends on “how natural” the replacement feels.

b

The more antonyms they share, the greater synonymy grade they have.

c

The closer the pronunciation or etymology is, the more synonymous they are.

d

The more interchangeable words are, the more synonymous they are.

31

Do all languages share the same synonyms?

a

Yes.

b

No.

c

Only languages from the same family.

d

32

What is an entailment relation?

a

When the truth of one sentence requires the truth of another sentence.

b

When two sentences have similar meanings.

c

When the truth of one sentence contradicts the truth of another sentence.

d

When two sentences are unrelated.

33

What is a troponym?

a

A word that specifies a manner of doing something.

b

A word that represents a whole of another word.

c

A word that has the opposite meaning as another word.

d

A word that is unrelated to other words.

34

What is a co-hyponym?

a

Words that are antonyms.

b

Words that are unrelated to each other.

c

Words that share a common hypernym.

d

Words that are synonyms.

35

What is a polysemy relation?

a

When a single word has multiple related meanings.

b

When a single word has unrelated meanings.

c

When a single word has only one meaning.

d

When two words have the same meaning.

Feedback

5

Example: “How good is that film?” does not imply that the film is good and the answer “It is quite bad” implies that it is bad.

6

However, such properties are quite context-dependent. Example: “How hot is the saucepan?” implies that the saucepan is hot, and “How cold is the saucepan?” implies that the saucepan is cold.

7

According to Murphy, contextual factors limit the risk of confusion in many of these cases.

Lexical Relations

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