Relier Pairs Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersion en ligne Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) par Abigail Scott 1 Tendons 2 Cartilaginous 3 Ligaments 4 Joints 5 Bones 6 Fibrous 7 The Skeletal System 8 Marrow 9 Cartilage 10 Synovial 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) freely movable joints consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage Solid CT, 206 1 Storage 2 Framework 3 Movement 4 Protection 5 Site of Hematopoiesis 6 Functions of Bone blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity 1 Flat Bones 2 Classification of Bone 3 Irregular Bones 4 Long Bones 5 Short Bones Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull Elongated; upper and lower limbs Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs 1 Medullary Cavity 2 Periosteum 3 Macroanatomy of Bones 4 Epiphysis 5 Diaphysis 6 Articular Cartilage 7 Epiphyseal Line hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum 1 Osteocytes 2 Inorganic ECM 3 Extracellular Matrix 4 Microanatomy of Bones 5 Cells 6 Organic ECM 7 Spongy Bone 8 Osteogenic Cells 9 Osteoblasts 10 Osteoclasts 11 Compact Bone mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae break down/resorb bone (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones 2 components: Organic & Inorganic (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact bone stem cells capable of differentiation 1 Fibrous Joints 2 Examples of Synovial Joints 3 Types of Fibrous Joints 4 Cartilaginous Joints 5 Symphyses 6 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 7 Gomphoses 8 Synchondroses 9 Synovial Joints 10 Joint (Articulation) 11 Sutures 12 Syndesmoses bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other lock bones together with dense fibers Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) Synchondroses & Symphyses fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck have hyaline cartilage between the bones bones connected by cartilage pads
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