Relier Pairs Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersion en ligne Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) par Abigail Scott 1 Joints 2 Bones 3 Marrow 4 Cartilage 5 Tendons 6 Ligaments 7 Fibrous 8 Cartilaginous 9 Synovial 10 The Skeletal System consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow Solid CT, 206 Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles freely movable joints 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial 1 Functions of Bone 2 Protection 3 Storage 4 Site of Hematopoiesis 5 Movement 6 Framework Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, 1 Flat Bones 2 Short Bones 3 Irregular Bones 4 Classification of Bone 5 Long Bones Elongated; upper and lower limbs Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull 1 Medullary Cavity 2 Epiphyseal Line 3 Macroanatomy of Bones 4 Articular Cartilage 5 Diaphysis 6 Periosteum 7 Epiphysis hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults 1 Organic ECM 2 Spongy Bone 3 Inorganic ECM 4 Cells 5 Osteoclasts 6 Compact Bone 7 Microanatomy of Bones 8 Osteocytes 9 Osteogenic Cells 10 Extracellular Matrix 11 Osteoblasts (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones 2 components: Organic & Inorganic (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines bone stem cells capable of differentiation break down/resorb bone mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact 1 Gomphoses 2 Cartilaginous Joints 3 Synchondroses 4 Examples of Synovial Joints 5 Symphyses 6 Syndesmoses 7 Synovial Joints 8 Sutures 9 Joint (Articulation) 10 Types of Fibrous Joints 11 Fibrous Joints 12 Types of Cartilaginous Joints have hyaline cartilage between the bones tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck Synchondroses & Symphyses Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other bones connected by cartilage pads lock bones together with dense fibers bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength
