Relier Pairs Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersion en ligne Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) par Abigail Scott 1 Synovial 2 Tendons 3 The Skeletal System 4 Ligaments 5 Joints 6 Bones 7 Cartilage 8 Cartilaginous 9 Marrow 10 Fibrous 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Solid CT, 206 allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together freely movable joints Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow 1 Functions of Bone 2 Protection 3 Storage 4 Framework 5 Movement 6 Site of Hematopoiesis Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity 1 Classification of Bone 2 Irregular Bones 3 Short Bones 4 Flat Bones 5 Long Bones Elongated; upper and lower limbs Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella 1 Macroanatomy of Bones 2 Medullary Cavity 3 Articular Cartilage 4 Epiphyseal Line 5 Diaphysis 6 Epiphysis 7 Periosteum hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons 1 Osteogenic Cells 2 Extracellular Matrix 3 Microanatomy of Bones 4 Osteocytes 5 Spongy Bone 6 Inorganic ECM 7 Compact Bone 8 Osteoblasts 9 Osteoclasts 10 Cells 11 Organic ECM (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones break down/resorb bone build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines 2 components: Organic & Inorganic bone stem cells capable of differentiation (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts 1 Synchondroses 2 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 3 Syndesmoses 4 Symphyses 5 Cartilaginous Joints 6 Sutures 7 Examples of Synovial Joints 8 Gomphoses 9 Types of Fibrous Joints 10 Fibrous Joints 11 Synovial Joints 12 Joint (Articulation) Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength bones connected by cartilage pads have hyaline cartilage between the bones tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck Synchondroses & Symphyses fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock lock bones together with dense fibers
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