Relier Pairs Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersion en ligne Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) par Abigail Scott 1 Fibrous 2 Cartilage 3 Cartilaginous 4 The Skeletal System 5 Marrow 6 Bones 7 Tendons 8 Joints 9 Ligaments 10 Synovial Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial freely movable joints Solid CT, 206 Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage 1 Protection 2 Functions of Bone 3 Movement 4 Framework 5 Site of Hematopoiesis 6 Storage Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) 1 Short Bones 2 Flat Bones 3 Irregular Bones 4 Long Bones 5 Classification of Bone Elongated; upper and lower limbs Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones 1 Periosteum 2 Epiphysis 3 Medullary Cavity 4 Diaphysis 5 Macroanatomy of Bones 6 Epiphyseal Line 7 Articular Cartilage remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles 1 Organic ECM 2 Osteoclasts 3 Cells 4 Osteoblasts 5 Extracellular Matrix 6 Inorganic ECM 7 Microanatomy of Bones 8 Osteogenic Cells 9 Compact Bone 10 Spongy Bone 11 Osteocytes Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones bone stem cells capable of differentiation 2 components: Organic & Inorganic break down/resorb bone 1 Synchondroses 2 Cartilaginous Joints 3 Types of Fibrous Joints 4 Joint (Articulation) 5 Gomphoses 6 Examples of Synovial Joints 7 Sutures 8 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 9 Syndesmoses 10 Fibrous Joints 11 Symphyses 12 Synovial Joints allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength bones connected by cartilage pads between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule lock bones together with dense fibers fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock have hyaline cartilage between the bones Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses Synchondroses & Symphyses Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process)
Match the key terms descriptions to the Balance Sheet and Income Statement classifications