Relier Pairs Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersion en ligne Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) par Abigail Scott 1 Fibrous 2 The Skeletal System 3 Marrow 4 Ligaments 5 Synovial 6 Cartilage 7 Bones 8 Joints 9 Tendons 10 Cartilaginous consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Solid CT, 206 Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints freely movable joints Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage 1 Functions of Bone 2 Site of Hematopoiesis 3 Storage 4 Protection 5 Framework 6 Movement guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow 1 Classification of Bone 2 Long Bones 3 Flat Bones 4 Irregular Bones 5 Short Bones Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Elongated; upper and lower limbs Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella 1 Epiphysis 2 Diaphysis 3 Medullary Cavity 4 Macroanatomy of Bones 5 Periosteum 6 Articular Cartilage 7 Epiphyseal Line long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) 1 Osteoblasts 2 Compact Bone 3 Osteocytes 4 Cells 5 Microanatomy of Bones 6 Organic ECM 7 Inorganic ECM 8 Extracellular Matrix 9 Osteoclasts 10 Spongy Bone 11 Osteogenic Cells mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) 2 components: Organic & Inorganic bone stem cells capable of differentiation break down/resorb bone Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts 1 Symphyses 2 Synovial Joints 3 Gomphoses 4 Examples of Synovial Joints 5 Fibrous Joints 6 Cartilaginous Joints 7 Joint (Articulation) 8 Synchondroses 9 Sutures 10 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 11 Syndesmoses 12 Types of Fibrous Joints allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule lock bones together with dense fibers have hyaline cartilage between the bones Synchondroses & Symphyses Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck bones connected by cartilage pads Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other
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