Relier Pairs Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersion en ligne Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) par Abigail Scott 1 Fibrous 2 Cartilage 3 Cartilaginous 4 Joints 5 The Skeletal System 6 Bones 7 Marrow 8 Ligaments 9 Synovial 10 Tendons Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage Solid CT, 206 freely movable joints Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial 1 Protection 2 Movement 3 Storage 4 Functions of Bone 5 Site of Hematopoiesis 6 Framework blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement 1 Flat Bones 2 Long Bones 3 Classification of Bone 4 Short Bones 5 Irregular Bones Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull Elongated; upper and lower limbs Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs 1 Epiphysis 2 Medullary Cavity 3 Macroanatomy of Bones 4 Articular Cartilage 5 Diaphysis 6 Periosteum 7 Epiphyseal Line Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends 1 Osteoblasts 2 Compact Bone 3 Extracellular Matrix 4 Osteocytes 5 Spongy Bone 6 Microanatomy of Bones 7 Cells 8 Inorganic ECM 9 Organic ECM 10 Osteoclasts 11 Osteogenic Cells 2 components: Organic & Inorganic build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones bone stem cells capable of differentiation Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) break down/resorb bone 1 Syndesmoses 2 Joint (Articulation) 3 Types of Fibrous Joints 4 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 5 Synchondroses 6 Symphyses 7 Examples of Synovial Joints 8 Synovial Joints 9 Sutures 10 Cartilaginous Joints 11 Fibrous Joints 12 Gomphoses bones connected by cartilage pads between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other have hyaline cartilage between the bones Synchondroses & Symphyses fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck lock bones together with dense fibers allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule
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