Relier Pairs Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersion en ligne Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) par Abigail Scott 1 Cartilage 2 Ligaments 3 Joints 4 Bones 5 Tendons 6 The Skeletal System 7 Marrow 8 Cartilaginous 9 Fibrous 10 Synovial Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) Solid CT, 206 freely movable joints Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles 1 Movement 2 Protection 3 Functions of Bone 4 Framework 5 Site of Hematopoiesis 6 Storage Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow 1 Flat Bones 2 Classification of Bone 3 Short Bones 4 Irregular Bones 5 Long Bones Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella Elongated; upper and lower limbs Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs 1 Epiphysis 2 Periosteum 3 Macroanatomy of Bones 4 Articular Cartilage 5 Diaphysis 6 Medullary Cavity 7 Epiphyseal Line tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults 1 Osteocytes 2 Osteoblasts 3 Compact Bone 4 Osteoclasts 5 Inorganic ECM 6 Cells 7 Organic ECM 8 Microanatomy of Bones 9 Extracellular Matrix 10 Spongy Bone 11 Osteogenic Cells bone stem cells capable of differentiation (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts break down/resorb bone (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) 2 components: Organic & Inorganic (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines 1 Syndesmoses 2 Sutures 3 Examples of Synovial Joints 4 Gomphoses 5 Fibrous Joints 6 Synovial Joints 7 Cartilaginous Joints 8 Joint (Articulation) 9 Types of Fibrous Joints 10 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 11 Symphyses 12 Synchondroses have hyaline cartilage between the bones allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other Synchondroses & Symphyses bones connected by cartilage pads fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock lock bones together with dense fibers Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck
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