Relier Pairs Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersion en ligne Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) par Abigail Scott 1 Bones 2 Tendons 3 Synovial 4 Fibrous 5 Marrow 6 Cartilaginous 7 Joints 8 Cartilage 9 The Skeletal System 10 Ligaments freely movable joints Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles Solid CT, 206 Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone 1 Functions of Bone 2 Site of Hematopoiesis 3 Framework 4 Storage 5 Movement 6 Protection stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow 1 Irregular Bones 2 Short Bones 3 Flat Bones 4 Long Bones 5 Classification of Bone Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Elongated; upper and lower limbs Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull 1 Epiphysis 2 Medullary Cavity 3 Macroanatomy of Bones 4 Periosteum 5 Epiphyseal Line 6 Diaphysis 7 Articular Cartilage hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) 1 Microanatomy of Bones 2 Spongy Bone 3 Organic ECM 4 Cells 5 Osteogenic Cells 6 Osteocytes 7 Osteoblasts 8 Osteoclasts 9 Extracellular Matrix 10 Compact Bone 11 Inorganic ECM (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones 2 components: Organic & Inorganic (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) break down/resorb bone bone stem cells capable of differentiation Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae 1 Synovial Joints 2 Types of Fibrous Joints 3 Examples of Synovial Joints 4 Symphyses 5 Synchondroses 6 Joint (Articulation) 7 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 8 Cartilaginous Joints 9 Syndesmoses 10 Sutures 11 Gomphoses 12 Fibrous Joints bones connected by cartilage pads lock bones together with dense fibers allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses have hyaline cartilage between the bones Synchondroses & Symphyses bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule
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