Relier Pairs Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersion en ligne Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) par Abigail Scott 1 Joints 2 Marrow 3 Synovial 4 Bones 5 The Skeletal System 6 Ligaments 7 Cartilage 8 Fibrous 9 Tendons 10 Cartilaginous 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone freely movable joints Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles Solid CT, 206 1 Framework 2 Site of Hematopoiesis 3 Movement 4 Functions of Bone 5 Protection 6 Storage guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, 1 Classification of Bone 2 Short Bones 3 Long Bones 4 Flat Bones 5 Irregular Bones Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Elongated; upper and lower limbs Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones 1 Diaphysis 2 Articular Cartilage 3 Medullary Cavity 4 Macroanatomy of Bones 5 Epiphysis 6 Periosteum 7 Epiphyseal Line hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons 1 Osteocytes 2 Inorganic ECM 3 Osteoclasts 4 Spongy Bone 5 Osteoblasts 6 Extracellular Matrix 7 Microanatomy of Bones 8 Osteogenic Cells 9 Organic ECM 10 Cells 11 Compact Bone (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) 2 components: Organic & Inorganic bone stem cells capable of differentiation mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines break down/resorb bone 1 Symphyses 2 Types of Fibrous Joints 3 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 4 Syndesmoses 5 Cartilaginous Joints 6 Gomphoses 7 Fibrous Joints 8 Sutures 9 Synchondroses 10 Examples of Synovial Joints 11 Joint (Articulation) 12 Synovial Joints Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial lock bones together with dense fibers allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength have hyaline cartilage between the bones tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other bones connected by cartilage pads Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock Synchondroses & Symphyses
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