Relier Pairs Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersion en ligne Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) par Abigail Scott 1 Joints 2 Cartilaginous 3 The Skeletal System 4 Bones 5 Tendons 6 Ligaments 7 Marrow 8 Synovial 9 Cartilage 10 Fibrous Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage freely movable joints Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Solid CT, 206 Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together 1 Movement 2 Protection 3 Storage 4 Framework 5 Functions of Bone 6 Site of Hematopoiesis guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity 1 Irregular Bones 2 Flat Bones 3 Short Bones 4 Long Bones 5 Classification of Bone Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Elongated; upper and lower limbs Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull 1 Epiphysis 2 Articular Cartilage 3 Periosteum 4 Epiphyseal Line 5 Medullary Cavity 6 Diaphysis 7 Macroanatomy of Bones tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles 1 Inorganic ECM 2 Osteogenic Cells 3 Compact Bone 4 Osteocytes 5 Osteoblasts 6 Osteoclasts 7 Organic ECM 8 Extracellular Matrix 9 Cells 10 Microanatomy of Bones 11 Spongy Bone 2 components: Organic & Inorganic build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) break down/resorb bone mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae bone stem cells capable of differentiation Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts 1 Syndesmoses 2 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 3 Cartilaginous Joints 4 Fibrous Joints 5 Symphyses 6 Joint (Articulation) 7 Sutures 8 Examples of Synovial Joints 9 Gomphoses 10 Types of Fibrous Joints 11 Synchondroses 12 Synovial Joints Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial have hyaline cartilage between the bones allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck Synchondroses & Symphyses between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) lock bones together with dense fibers bones connected by cartilage pads fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule
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