Read the following information regarding tribes
TILLAMOOK The Tillamook are a Native American tribe from coastal Oregon of the Salish linguistic group. The name "Tillamook" is a Chinook language term meaning "people of the village Nekelim (or Nehalem)", sometimes it is given as a Coast Salish term, meaning "Land of Many Waters". Additional population estimates are impossible as the tribes have intermarried and are no longer separately enumerated. In 1898 the Tillamook became the first tribe to sue the US government for compensation for the lands they had taken, along with the Clatsop.
SHOSHONE The Shoshone are a Native American tribe that originated in the western Great Basin and spread north and east into present-day Idaho and Wyoming. By 1500, some Eastern Shoshone had crossed the Rocky Mountains into the Great Plains. After 1750, warfare and pressure from the Blackfoot, Crow, Lakota, Cheyenne, and Arapaho pushed Eastern Shoshone south and westward. Some of them moved as far south as Texas, emerging as the Comanche by 1700.
NAVAJO With more than 399,494 enrolled tribal members as of 2021, the Navajo Nation is the largest federally recognized tribe in the United States; additionally, the Navajo Nation has the largest reservation in the country. The reservation straddles the Four Corners region and covers more than 27,325 square miles (70,770 square kilometers) of land in Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico. The Navajo Reservation is slightly larger than the state of West Virginia. The Navajo language is spoken throughout the region, and most Navajo also speak English.
SIOUXThe Sioux are one of the largest and oldest Native American tribes in North America, dating back three thousand years. With a territory that spanned thousands of square miles at the peak of their strength, the Sioux are one of the most well-known and influential tribes in the history of the United States.According to Albert White Hat, elder and language teacher, the word “Sioux” stems from the westward expansion of the French fur traders in the Northern Wisconsin Lakes region and Minnesota.The appropriate name for the Sioux is the People of the Seven Council Fires (Oceti Sakowin Oyate). They speak one of the three dialects of the same language, Siouan.
PEQUOT An Algonquian tribe of Connecticut, their name means “destroyers,” Before European settlers arrived, they had earned the title, as they were the most dreaded of the southern New England tribes. However, this same ferocity almost led to their annihilation when their enemies joined with the English to defeat them during the Pequot War. By 1910, they numbered only 66 people. However, today there are two small independent Pequot tribal nations in Connecticut – the Mashantucket Pequot and the Eastern Pequot Tribal Nation.
APACHEEarly Apache were a nomadic people, ranging over a wide area of the United States, with the Mescalero Apache roaming as far south as Mexico. They were primarily hunter-gatherers, with some bands hunting buffalo and some practicing limited farming.heir dwellings were shelters of brush called wickiups, which were easily erected by the women and were well adapted to their arid environment and the constant shifting of the tribes. Some families lived in buffalo-hide teepees, especially among the Kiowa-Apache and Jicarilla. The Apache made little pottery and were known instead for their fine basketwork. In traditional Apache culture, each band consisted of extended families with a headman chosen for leadership abilities and exploits in war. For centuries they were fierce warriors, adept in wilderness survival, who carried out raids on those who encroached on their territory.
PUEBLOThe Pueblo Indians, situated in the Southwestern United States, are one of the oldest cultures in the nation. Their name is Spanish for “stone masonry village dweller.”During their long history, the Ancient Puebloans evolved from a nomadic, hunter-gathering lifestyle to a sedentary culture, primarily making their homes in the Four Corners region of Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Arizona. Though they didn’t give up hunting, they expanded into an agricultural culture, growing maize, corn, squash, and beans, raising turkeys, and developing complex irrigation systems.
CHEROKEE The Chickamauga were a band of Cherokee who supported the English cause in the American Revolution and separated from the main group of Cherokee, moving far down on the Tennessee River. There, under the leadership of Chief Dragging Canoe, they established 11 new settlements on Chickamauga Creek, in the neighborhood of the present Chattanooga, Tennessee. Wishing to gain distance from colonists’ encroachments, the Chickamauga soon became noted for their uncompromising and never-ceasing hostility against the American rebels. In 1782, their towns were destroyed by American Revolutionists, John Sevier, and Henry Campbell.
CREE One of the largest native groups in North America, the name “Cree” comes from “Kristineaux,” or “Kri” for short, a name given to them by French fur traders.The Cree are indigenous people originally living in Manitoba, Canada. However, one branch later moved southwest to adopt a buffalo-hunting culture.Separate lodges were part of larger bands that could be easily formed and dissolved. In the case of disagreement, lodges could leave bands, but as there was safety in numbers, a departing lodge would quickly find another band to travel and dwell with. Various bands usually had ties to other neighboring bands through intermarriage, often assembled to hunt and socialize together.
CREE One of the largest native groups in North America, the name “Cree” comes from “Kristineaux,” or “Kri” for short, a name given to them by French fur traders.The Cree are indigenous people originally living in Manitoba, Canada. However, one branch later moved southwest to adopt a buffalo-hunting culture.Separate lodges were part of larger bands that could be easily formed and dissolved. In the case of disagreement, lodges could leave bands, but as there was safety in numbers, a departing lodge would quickly find another band to travel and dwell with. Various bands usually had ties to other neighboring bands through intermarriage, often assembled to hunt and socialize together.
NEZ PERCEOnce the largest congregation of tribes in the western United States, the Nez Perce were closely related to the Cayuse, Tenino and Umatilla tribes to their west. The tribe spanned across the open lands of the northwest, primarily in Idaho and Northern Washington, but traveled as far as the Great Plains during the hunting season.The Nez Perce tribe actually represents many distinct bands with cultural differences that all existed together peacefully, and for that reason, they are usually thought of as being one tribe. In addition, their languages are closely related, all part of the Sahaptian branch of the Penutian language.
CHEYENNEThe Cheyenne are a tribe of Algonquian linguistic stock who were closely allied with the Arapaho and Gros Ventre and loosely allied with the Lakota Sioux. One of the most prominent of the Plains tribes, they primarily lived and hunted on hills and prairies alongside the Missouri and Red Rivers. They call themselves “Tsitsistas,” which translates several different ways to “people alike,” “our people,” “red talker,” or “people of a different speech.”Originally, the Cheyenne resided in the great lakes area in Minnesota and on the Missouri River. Here, they lived in earth-covered log houses in permanent settlements, farmed, and made pottery. However, in the late 1600s, they began a westward migration, most likely due to competition and conflict with the Ojibwe, Arikara, and Mandan Indians.
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