Relier Pairs Civil Liberties Vocab Part 2Version en ligne Important terms, acts, and Supreme Court cases related to civil right and liberties. par Jamie Lund 1 de facto segregation 2 Dual federalism 3 Layer-cake federalism 4 Commerce Clause 5 Barron v. Baltimore 6 de jure segregation 7 Affirmative action 8 Poll taxes 9 Black codes or Jim Crow Laws 10 Cooperative federalism 11 Equal opportunity 12 Equal Protection Clause 13 federalism a tax on voters, which prevented many Southern Blacks (and some poor whites) from voting. a clause in the Fourth Amendment on which the Supreme Court relied on its decision in Brown v. Board to strike down segregationist state laws that had been built on the foundation of the doctrine of separate but equal. determined that the Bill of Rights applied to the federal government and did not bind the state governments. a system of government that divides government responsibilities between state and federal governments. segregation as a matter of law. Article I, Section 2 of the constitution says that Congress has the right to regulate commerce that takes place between the states. This view emphasizes the point that the responsibilities of the state governments and federal government overlap: and often share responsibilities. This is also known as marble-cake federalism. segregation resulting from the fact that people of different colors live in different areas and therefore go to different schools. practices that entrenched segregationist practices in state laws. Programs that seek to compensate for past discrimination by giving special attention in hiring, and in college or university admissions, to people from the groups discriminated against. This is the idea that national and state governments are sovereign in their own distinct spheres- a view that seeks clear distinctions between the governments. The notion that all Americans should have an equal chance to succeed in life. This metaphor implies that the powers of the central and state governments are separate but overlapping, distinguishable but overlapping-realistically speaking, a little messy.
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