Icon Chercher des jeux
Icon Créer jeu Créer jeu

FUNBIO.18 Translation: the prokaryotic ribosome; protein synthesis

Compléter

- Understand the steps involved in the process of RNA translation.
- Discuss the role of the primary molecules involved in the translation of RNA to protein; RNA template, ribosomal structure, and transfer RNAs.
- Describe in detail the events occurring at specific sites on the ribosome during the translation process; initiation, elongation, translocation and termination.

Téléchargez la version pour jouer sur papier

Éditer icon Dupliquer
Créer un défi icon Créer un défi
Imprimer icon Imprimer le PDF
À propos de Compléter
biology
dna
transcription
 Âge recommandé: 18 ans
0 fois fait

Créé par

Zainab Nabeel
Zainab Nabeel
Bahrain
Ce jeu est une version de
FUNBIO.17 Transcription: RNA polymerases, prokaryotic RNA processing

Top 10 résultats

Il n'y a toujours pas de résultats pour ce jeu. Soyez le premier à apparaître dans le classement!
Connectez-vous
pour vous identifier.
Créez votre propre jeu gratuite à partir de notre créateur de jeu
Créez compléter
Affrontez vos amis pour voir qui obtient le meilleur score dans ce jeu
Créer un défi

Top Jeux

  1. temps
    but
  1. temps
    but
temps
but
temps
but
Vous avez dépassé le nombre maximum de jeux que vous pouvez imprimer avec votre Plan actuel.
Pour imprimer autant de jeux que vous le souhaitez, vous avez besoin d’un Plan Académique ou un Plan Commerciel.
Obtenir Plan Académique

Imprimez votre jeu

 
game-icon

Compléter

FUNBIO.18 Translation: the prokaryotic ribosome; protein synthesisVersion en ligne

- Understand the steps involved in the process of RNA translation. - Discuss the role of the primary molecules involved in the translation of RNA to protein; RNA template, ribosomal structure, and transfer RNAs. - Describe in detail the events occurring at specific sites on the ribosome during the translation process; initiation, elongation, translocation and termination.

par Zainab Nabeel
1

Translation requires :
a ) A template - mRNA ( moves to the cytoplasm )
b ) A reaction surface - the ribosome
c ) Activated precursors - - tRNAs : tRNA molecules coupled to specific amino - acids via energy - rich bonds

The ribosome ( E coli . ) :
- Composed of 55 distinct proteins plus 3 rRNAs
- Two sub - units :

Large ( )
5S rRNA
23S rRNA
34 Proteins

Small ( )
16S rRNA
21 Proteins

Combined : ribosome
~20 , 000 per cell ; equivalent to ~25% of cell mass
The " S " stands for , a unit used to measure how fast molecules move in a centrifuge .

Ribosomes have 3 pockets in the general structure :
A - site , P - site , E - site

rRNA :
- Single - stranded rRNA molecules
- Extensive - base - pairing
- Complex structures

tRNA's :
- Fold to give an - shaped structure
- The amino - acid is added to the ? end of the tRNA molecule to give an aminoacyl - tRNA
- The " anti - codon loop " mediates recognition of codons within the mRNA

Amino - acyl tRNA's :
- Activated for protein synthesis
- Also called ? charged tRNAs ?
- Each amino - acid is coupled to its specific " carrier " tRNA molecule by a two - stage reaction , which requires energy in the form of ATP :
1 ) : Amino acid reacts with ATP and AMP is transferred to AAs
2 ) transfer of the aAA to the 3 ? of the tRNA and release of AMP
- Catalysed by specific Aminoacyl - tRNA enzymes ( at least one Aminoacyl - tRNA Synthetase exists for each amino - acid type )

- The ribosome " reads " the mRNA in a 5 ? to 3 ? direction
- Peptides / protein grows from the N - terminus to the
C - terminus
- Translated in groups of three bases termed
- Ribosome moves along the mRNA until it locates the start codon ?
( Therefore all proteins begin with the amino - acid Methionine - AUG )

A triplet code read in a sequence of 3 , the ? Codon ? , specifies an amino - acid . The code contains :
- 61 amino - acid coding codons
- 3 Stop codons [ UAA , UAG , UGA ]
- 1 Start codon [ AUG ] which also encodes Met

stages of translation :
1 - Initiation :
a - Assembly of small ribosome subunit along the mRNA
b - Binding of the first amino acid carried on its tRNA to the ribosome . Initiator tRNA ? fMet . tRNA N - ( specific to bacteria )
c - then the large subunit around the beginning of the mRNA

At initiation : A - site is vacant and P - site has fMet tRNA

2 - Elongation :
a ) Second aminoacyl tRNA enters the A - site of the ribosome ( Codon - anticodon recognition )
b ) Peptidyl - transferase reaction ( Formation of peptide bond between amino acid ( P - site ) and second amino acid ( A - site ) )
c ) Uncharged tRNA enters E - site and leaves the ribosome ( The peptidyl - tRNA moves from the A - site to the P - site )

- The mRNA moves on by three bases .
- The A site is now aligned with the next codon in the mRNA and ready to accept the next tRNA molecule

3 - :
a ) mRNA contains 3 " Stop codons " : UAA , , UAG
b ) These do not code for any amino acid .
c ) Recognised by Factors ( Bind to the A - site and cause the peptide in the P - site to be cleaved from the tRNA and released )

post - translation :
Proteins must fold up into their natural and biologically - active conformation .
Mostly this is spontaneous . Chemical modification of a protein may occur after translation to extend the range of functions of the protein by attaching functional groups ( e . g . Phosphorylation and Glycosylation ) . Some proteins need helper proteins known as " Chaperones " to assist in the folding process .

Each ribosome synthesizes just one polypeptide at a time . Many ribosomes can translate a single mRNA molecule ( Referred to as a " Polyribosome " or " Polysome " ) .



 
educaplay suscripción
Imprimer le PDF