Froggy Jumps
Centrioles, cilia, and cell junctionsVersion en ligne
- elements of the cytoskeleton (their structures and functions)
- the structure and role of centrioles in the cell
- types of cell junctions (their structures and functions)
- pemphigus vulgaris (rare condition)
1
A microtubule is one of the ___ elements of the cytoskeleton that are present in the cytoplasm.
2
A microtubule is a left-handed helix that consists of 13 vertical protofilaments assembled together. Each protofilament is a ______ that is composed of a-tubulin and B-tubulin protein units. In simpler terms, a microtubule is a hollow cylinder.
a
heterodimer
b
dimer
c
polymer
3
Cell locomotion is driven by _. Essentially, microtubules form the _ of cilia and flagella. Both are structures that cells depend on for _. Cilia are hair-like structures found on the _ of many cells, while flagella are only found in sperm cells.
a
microtubules; axoneme (central core);locomotion; surface
b
microtubules; flagella; axoneme; locomotion
c
locomotion; surface; flagella; cilia
4
__ are cylindrical structures made up of microtubules.
a
Centrioles
b
golgi apparatus
c
proteins
5
__ also form the spindle fibers that extend from the centrioles to attach to sister chromatids during cell division.
a
Microtubules
b
Microfilaments
c
Intermediate filaments
6
Microtubules are also the routes through which neurotransmitters coming from the cell body travel along to reach the end of __.
a
axons
b
dendrites
c
axon terminals
7
Out of all three elements of the cytoskeleton, __ are the narrowest, with a diameter of 7 nm.
a
microfilaments
b
microtubules
c
centrioles
8
__ are made up of two intertwined strands of actin molecules.
a
Microfilaments
b
Microtubules
c
Centrioles
9
In cross section, microfilaments can be confused with small __, though microfilaments have a diameter that is only 33% of the diameter of these small ribosomes.
a
ribosomes
b
centrioles
c
microvilli
10
Microfilaments make up microvilli, which are finger-like __ that are found along the inner surface of the small intestine. Microvilli increase the surface area of the small intestine, thereby facilitating more absorption of nutrients.
a
cavities
b
dents
c
protrusions
11
Microfilaments are concentrated in networks or bundles in an area just beneath the cell membrane called the __.
a
cell cortex
b
cilia
c
centrioles
12
__ get their name because they are intermediate in size, between microtubules and microfilaments.
a
Intermediate filaments
b
microtubules
c
microfilaments
13
Intermediate filaments are __ in composition, so there is more than one type of intermediate filaments in a cell. However, usually one type predominates.
a
homogeneous
b
heterogenous
c
hetero
14
There are four main types of __ based on the protein involved: Type I, Type II, Type III, and Type V.
a
intermediate filaments
b
microfilaments
c
microtubules
16
Essentially, two _ coil around each other to form a parallel dimer, which is the basic building block of an intermediate filament. Two parallel dimers come together to form what we call a tetramer. An _ is basically made up of tetramers that are _.
a
monomers; intermediate filament; packed together
b
polymers; microfilament; packed together
c
monomer; intermediate filament; coiled together
17
In a parallel dimer of an intermediate filament, each monomer consists of a central _ and one C-terminus at one end and one N-terminus at the other end.
a
a-helical domain
b
beta-helical domain
c
alpha rod
18
Intermediate filaments are found directly under _ in a cell.
a
microfilaments
b
microtubules
c
tubules
19
Type I intermediate filaments are keratins divided into acidic and basic types. Type II are vimentin-like proteins, which are found in cells of mesodermal origin. Type III are neurofilaments found in nerve axons. Type V are nuclear lamins (____).
a
form the nuclear lamina, which is a layer under the nuclear envelope
b
form the nucleus
c
form the nuclear envelope
20
_ provide stability for the cell by allowing it to maintain its shape and structure.
a
microfilaments
b
Intermediate filaments
c
microtubules
21
In simple terms, centrioles are _. Every centriole consists of 9 long tubes and every tube consists of 3 parts, which can be clearly seen in a _. That is why a centriole is called a _ structure. Since a centriole is hollow, it's also called a _.
a
hollow cylindrical tubes; cross section; 9x5; 9x0 structure
b
hollow cylindrical tubes; cross section; 9x4; 9x0 structure
c
hollow cylindrical tubes; cross section; 9x3; 9+0 structure
22
_ are always found in pairs and at right angles to each other because of the fibrous structures that connect and hold them in place. Usually _ are found in the cytoplasm in an area near the nucleus called the microtubular organizing center.
a
centrioles ; centrioles
b
ribosomes ; centrioles
c
microtubules ; ribosomes
23
As mentioned, every tube in a centriole has 3 parts or sets. Set A is the closest to the center. It's a complete microtubule, so it has 13 _ that form a _. The middle set is B and C is the one _ from the center. Sets B and C are incomplete.
a
protofilaments; left-handed helix; farthest away
b
microfilaments; right-handed helix; farthest away
c
microtubules; left-handed helix; farthest away
24
At the _ end of a centriole, there is a cartwheel structure from which fibrous structures come out.
a
proximal
b
distal
c
posterior
25
Centrioles are components of _, which are the structures that microtubules (spindle fibers) extend from to attach to sister chromatids during cell division.
a
centrosomes
b
centromeres
c
cell junctions
Dupliquer
Créer un défi
Imprimer le PDF
Créez
froggy jumps
Créer un défi
