Developmental PsychologyVersion en ligne Growth and Lifespan Development par kelpernuts 1 Data collected by Bouchard and McGue (1981) indicate that the correlation coefficient for IQ is largest for which of the following? a biological parent and child living apart b identical twins reared apart c biological siblings reared together d half-siblings reared together 2 Epigenetics is concerned with factors that modify the: a genetic code by altering the underlying DNA sequence b pattern of gene expression by altering the genetic code. c genetic code without altering the underlying DNA sequence. d pattern of gene expression without altering the genetic code. 3 The tendency of genetic make-up to restrict the amount of influence the environment has on a particular characteristic is referred to as: a maturation. b individualization c canalization d adaptation 4 As described by Scarr (1992), niche-picking refers to which of the following genotype-environment correlations? a Active b Passive c Reciprocal d Evocative 5 Which of the following types of Down Syndrome can be due to an error during cell division or heredity? a mosaic trisomy 21 b translocation trisomy 21 c standard trisomy 21 d All of the above 6 Klinefelter syndrome is caused by which of the following a the presence of an extra X chromosome b The absence of an X chromosome c the presence of an extra Y chromosome d The absence of a Y chromosome 7 The symptoms of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder are: a largely reversible with early behavioral interventions. b largely reversible with early nutritional and behavioral interventions. c largely reversible if exposure to alcohol was limited to the third trimester. d largely irreversible. 8 Recent data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics indicate that the preterm birthrate is highest for __________ mothers. a non-Hispanic Black b non-Hispanic Asian c non-Hispanic White d Hispanic 9 The studies have found that sensitivity to depth cues develops in infancy in a stage-like sequence, with sensitivity to ________ cues developing first. a Binocular b Kinetic c Stereoscopic d Pictorial 10 Which of the following best describes the outcomes associated with early and late onset puberty for boys and girls? a Late onset puberty has more favorable outcomes than early onset puberty for both boys and girls b Early onset puberty has more favorable outcomes for boys, while late onset puberty has more favorable outcomes for girls. c Early onset puberty has more favorable outcomes than late onset puberty for both boys and girls. d Early onset puberty has more favorable outcomes for girls, while late onset puberty has more favorable outcomes for boys. 11 Which of the following areas of the brain is least well-developed at birth? a Hippocampus b Basal Ganglia c Prefrontal Cortex d Cerebellum 12 Volitional (versus reflexive) auditory localization emerges after _________ of age and then improves to nearly adult levels by about 12 months of age: a six weeks b nine weeks c four months d nine months 13 As described by Vygotsky, private speech is: a due to egocentrism and gradually fades away. b due to egocentrism and plays an important role in cognitive development. c a means of self-guidance that eventually becomes inner speech. d a means of self-guidance that interferes with cognitive development. e due to egocentrism and gradually fades away. f due to egocentrism and plays an important role in cognitive development. 14 Increasing age in adulthood is most associated with a decline in: a Primary Memory b Sensory Memory c Secondary Memory d Tertiary Memory 15 As described by Piaget, __________ involves using current schemas to interpret new information. a Assimilation b Accomodation c Equilibrium d Adaptation 16 Research on sex differences has most often found which of the following? a Girls obtain higher scores than boys on most measures of visual/spatial and verbal skills. b Boys obtain higher scores on measures of visual/spatial skills (especially on tasks involving mental rotation), while girls obtain higher scores on most measures of verbal skills. c Boys obtain higher scores than girls on most measures of visual/spatial and verbal skills. d Boys obtain higher scores on most measures of verbal skills, while girls obtain higher scores on measures of visual/spatial skills (especially on tasks involving mental rotation). 17 Of Gottman and Levenson’s (2002) “Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse,” which is the best predictor of divorce? a Defensiveness b Contempt c Criticism d Stonewalling 18 The studies have found that children in high-quality daycare: a are indistinguishable from children who do not attend daycare. b have higher rates of disobedience and other behavioral problems than children who do not attend daycare. c are more likely to have cognitive and language deficits than children who do not attend daycare. d have higher rates of behavioral problems and lower cognitive and language skills than children who do not attend daycare. 19 Research comparing the outcomes for children of gay or lesbian parents and heterosexual parents has found that: a children of gay or lesbian parents tend to be less well-adjusted than children of heterosexual parents. b children of heterosexual parents tend to be less well-adjusted than children of gay or lesbian parents. c children of gay parents (but not lesbian parents) tend to be less well-adjusted than children of heterosexual parents. d children of gay or lesbian parents do not differ consistently in terms of adjustment from children of heterosexual parents. 20 Research on the effects of divorce on parents and children has identified a “sleeper effect” which refers to which of the following? a The gradual increase in the problematic behaviors of boys and girls after the divorce. b The gradual decrease in the problematic behaviors of boys after the divorce. c The delay in the onset of problematic behavior in girls following the divorce. d The gradual increase in conflict in the parent-child relationship following the divorce. 21 Of the following types of intimate partner violence, which most often takes the form of Walker’s cycle of violence? a violent resistance b intimate terrorism c mutual violent control d situational couple violence 22 Kohlberg concluded that: a there’s no relationship between stage of moral development and behavior because behavior is affected by so many factors. b there’s a strong relationship between stage of moral development and behavior at all stages. c the strength of the relationship between stage of moral development and behavior is greatest at the higher stages of development. d there’s a relationship between stage of moral development and behavior only when the situation is personally meaningful to the individual. 23 A child in the second stage of Kohlberg’s first level of moral development will base his moral judgments of behavior on which of the following? a social approval or disapproval for behavior b rewards that follow the behavior c laws set by an authority that apply to the behavior d democratically-chosen laws that apply to the behavior 24 Kohlberg described moral development as depending on which of the following? a level of cognitive development b level of social perspective-taking c level of cognitive development and level of social perspective-taking d neither level of cognitive development nor level of social perspective-taking
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