A
Crusade
was
a
holy
war
,
proclaimed
by
the
Pope
on
Christ's
behalf
.
Its
fighters
took
vows
of
a
special
kind
and
enjoyed
certain
temporal
and
spiritual
privileges
,
in
particular
the
____________________
,
which
gave
them
remission
of
all
the
sins
they
have
confessed
.
Before
the
Muslim
conquest
of
the
7th
century
,
pilgrims
came
from
Byzantium
and
the
West
in
search
of
sacred
____________________
for
their
churches
.
By
the
reign
of
Charlemagne
,
conditions
had
improved
for
western
pilgrims
:
____________________
Harun
al
-
Rashid
(
763
-
809
)
allowed
Charlemagne
to
endow
a
hostel
in
Jerusalem
for
the
use
by
pilgrim
traffic
.
The
____________________
between
Eastern
and
Western
churches
provided
the
papacy
with
an
incentive
to
intervene
in
the
East
.
In
1073
Pope
Gregory
VII
(
c
.
1020
-
1085
)
planned
to
reunite
these
churches
by
extending
the
holy
war
from
Spain
to
Asia
.
Early
in
their
occupation
of
the
eastern
Mediterranean
the
Crusaders
founded
the
military
orders
of
knighthood
.
The
first
of
these
were
the
____________________
,
created
around
1119
by
a
Burgundian
knight
who
sympathised
with
the
hardships
of
Christian
pilgrims
.
The
main
thrust
of
the
Third
Crusade
was
the
____________________
of
Acre
,
which
was
finally
captured
in
1191
.
Jerusalem
could
not
be
taken
but
Saladin
signed
a
treaty
with
Richard
allowing
Christians
to
visit
the
city
freely
.
In
1204
,
a
knight
named
Robert
de
Clari
who
participated
in
the
Fourth
Crusade
that
captured
Constantinople
,
claims
the
cloth
was
among
the
countless
relics
in
the
city
:
"
Where
there
was
the
____________________
in
which
our
Lord
had
been
wrapped
,
which
every
Friday
raised
itself
upright
so
one
could
see
the
figure
of
our
Lord
on
it
.
And
none
knows
-
neither
Greek
nor
Frank
-
what
became
of
it
when
the
city
was
taken
.
"
