Relier Pairs Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersion en ligne Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) par Abigail Scott 1 Joints 2 Cartilaginous 3 Synovial 4 Ligaments 5 Cartilage 6 Tendons 7 Bones 8 The Skeletal System 9 Marrow 10 Fibrous freely movable joints Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles Solid CT, 206 Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial 1 Movement 2 Site of Hematopoiesis 3 Storage 4 Framework 5 Protection 6 Functions of Bone Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow 1 Flat Bones 2 Long Bones 3 Short Bones 4 Classification of Bone 5 Irregular Bones Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull Elongated; upper and lower limbs Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones 1 Macroanatomy of Bones 2 Epiphysis 3 Medullary Cavity 4 Epiphyseal Line 5 Periosteum 6 Articular Cartilage 7 Diaphysis tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles 1 Microanatomy of Bones 2 Osteoblasts 3 Osteoclasts 4 Spongy Bone 5 Osteogenic Cells 6 Organic ECM 7 Compact Bone 8 Cells 9 Osteocytes 10 Inorganic ECM 11 Extracellular Matrix mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts bone stem cells capable of differentiation build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones 2 components: Organic & Inorganic break down/resorb bone 1 Cartilaginous Joints 2 Examples of Synovial Joints 3 Syndesmoses 4 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 5 Symphyses 6 Sutures 7 Fibrous Joints 8 Gomphoses 9 Synovial Joints 10 Synchondroses 11 Types of Fibrous Joints 12 Joint (Articulation) bones connected by cartilage pads Synchondroses & Symphyses Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial have hyaline cartilage between the bones tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) lock bones together with dense fibers Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule
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