Relier Pairs Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersion en ligne Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) par Abigail Scott 1 Joints 2 The Skeletal System 3 Ligaments 4 Bones 5 Cartilage 6 Fibrous 7 Cartilaginous 8 Tendons 9 Marrow 10 Synovial Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone freely movable joints 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow Solid CT, 206 1 Storage 2 Functions of Bone 3 Protection 4 Framework 5 Site of Hematopoiesis 6 Movement guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow 1 Classification of Bone 2 Irregular Bones 3 Flat Bones 4 Long Bones 5 Short Bones Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Elongated; upper and lower limbs Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull 1 Articular Cartilage 2 Diaphysis 3 Epiphyseal Line 4 Periosteum 5 Medullary Cavity 6 Macroanatomy of Bones 7 Epiphysis hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles 1 Osteogenic Cells 2 Osteocytes 3 Osteoblasts 4 Osteoclasts 5 Microanatomy of Bones 6 Spongy Bone 7 Cells 8 Inorganic ECM 9 Organic ECM 10 Compact Bone 11 Extracellular Matrix build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones bone stem cells capable of differentiation Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts break down/resorb bone 2 components: Organic & Inorganic Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact 1 Joint (Articulation) 2 Synchondroses 3 Synovial Joints 4 Examples of Synovial Joints 5 Sutures 6 Syndesmoses 7 Gomphoses 8 Cartilaginous Joints 9 Symphyses 10 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 11 Types of Fibrous Joints 12 Fibrous Joints Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule have hyaline cartilage between the bones Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Synchondroses & Symphyses lock bones together with dense fibers bones connected by cartilage pads allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength
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