Relier Pairs Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersion en ligne Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) par Abigail Scott 1 Synovial 2 Cartilaginous 3 Joints 4 Cartilage 5 Fibrous 6 Tendons 7 Marrow 8 Ligaments 9 Bones 10 The Skeletal System 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints freely movable joints consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together Solid CT, 206 allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage 1 Protection 2 Framework 3 Site of Hematopoiesis 4 Movement 5 Storage 6 Functions of Bone stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity 1 Classification of Bone 2 Long Bones 3 Irregular Bones 4 Short Bones 5 Flat Bones Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella Elongated; upper and lower limbs Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull 1 Periosteum 2 Articular Cartilage 3 Macroanatomy of Bones 4 Epiphysis 5 Diaphysis 6 Medullary Cavity 7 Epiphyseal Line hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends 1 Extracellular Matrix 2 Inorganic ECM 3 Spongy Bone 4 Organic ECM 5 Osteocytes 6 Compact Bone 7 Osteogenic Cells 8 Cells 9 Microanatomy of Bones 10 Osteoblasts 11 Osteoclasts Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) break down/resorb bone (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts bone stem cells capable of differentiation 2 components: Organic & Inorganic 1 Synchondroses 2 Symphyses 3 Sutures 4 Joint (Articulation) 5 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 6 Gomphoses 7 Syndesmoses 8 Examples of Synovial Joints 9 Cartilaginous Joints 10 Types of Fibrous Joints 11 Synovial Joints 12 Fibrous Joints between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Synchondroses & Symphyses tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule lock bones together with dense fibers have hyaline cartilage between the bones bones connected by cartilage pads fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock
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