Relier Pairs Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersion en ligne Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) par Abigail Scott 1 The Skeletal System 2 Fibrous 3 Cartilaginous 4 Bones 5 Synovial 6 Ligaments 7 Joints 8 Marrow 9 Cartilage 10 Tendons allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone freely movable joints consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together Solid CT, 206 Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles 1 Movement 2 Protection 3 Storage 4 Framework 5 Site of Hematopoiesis 6 Functions of Bone Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow 1 Short Bones 2 Long Bones 3 Classification of Bone 4 Flat Bones 5 Irregular Bones Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull Elongated; upper and lower limbs 1 Medullary Cavity 2 Epiphyseal Line 3 Epiphysis 4 Articular Cartilage 5 Macroanatomy of Bones 6 Periosteum 7 Diaphysis expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum 1 Osteogenic Cells 2 Compact Bone 3 Spongy Bone 4 Osteoclasts 5 Osteoblasts 6 Microanatomy of Bones 7 Cells 8 Extracellular Matrix 9 Osteocytes 10 Inorganic ECM 11 Organic ECM mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae 2 components: Organic & Inorganic (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones bone stem cells capable of differentiation (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) break down/resorb bone Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines 1 Symphyses 2 Syndesmoses 3 Joint (Articulation) 4 Examples of Synovial Joints 5 Types of Fibrous Joints 6 Gomphoses 7 Fibrous Joints 8 Synovial Joints 9 Synchondroses 10 Cartilaginous Joints 11 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 12 Sutures Synchondroses & Symphyses Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial have hyaline cartilage between the bones lock bones together with dense fibers bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule bones connected by cartilage pads tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock
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