Relier Pairs Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersion en ligne Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) par Abigail Scott 1 The Skeletal System 2 Ligaments 3 Cartilage 4 Fibrous 5 Marrow 6 Joints 7 Bones 8 Synovial 9 Cartilaginous 10 Tendons Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints Solid CT, 206 Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) freely movable joints 1 Movement 2 Framework 3 Functions of Bone 4 Protection 5 Storage 6 Site of Hematopoiesis blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, 1 Short Bones 2 Irregular Bones 3 Classification of Bone 4 Flat Bones 5 Long Bones Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Elongated; upper and lower limbs 1 Macroanatomy of Bones 2 Articular Cartilage 3 Epiphysis 4 Periosteum 5 Medullary Cavity 6 Epiphyseal Line 7 Diaphysis tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults 1 Organic ECM 2 Spongy Bone 3 Osteocytes 4 Extracellular Matrix 5 Osteoclasts 6 Osteoblasts 7 Cells 8 Osteogenic Cells 9 Compact Bone 10 Inorganic ECM 11 Microanatomy of Bones build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) 2 components: Organic & Inorganic (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae bone stem cells capable of differentiation (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact break down/resorb bone (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones 1 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 2 Symphyses 3 Joint (Articulation) 4 Synchondroses 5 Synovial Joints 6 Cartilaginous Joints 7 Gomphoses 8 Syndesmoses 9 Sutures 10 Fibrous Joints 11 Types of Fibrous Joints 12 Examples of Synovial Joints bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck Synchondroses & Symphyses allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial have hyaline cartilage between the bones tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock bones connected by cartilage pads lock bones together with dense fibers
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