Relier Pairs Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersion en ligne Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) par Abigail Scott 1 Joints 2 Cartilaginous 3 The Skeletal System 4 Synovial 5 Marrow 6 Bones 7 Ligaments 8 Cartilage 9 Tendons 10 Fibrous Solid CT, 206 allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone freely movable joints consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial 1 Framework 2 Storage 3 Functions of Bone 4 Site of Hematopoiesis 5 Movement 6 Protection blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) 1 Irregular Bones 2 Flat Bones 3 Long Bones 4 Classification of Bone 5 Short Bones Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Elongated; upper and lower limbs 1 Epiphysis 2 Diaphysis 3 Epiphyseal Line 4 Macroanatomy of Bones 5 Articular Cartilage 6 Periosteum 7 Medullary Cavity hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends 1 Compact Bone 2 Cells 3 Osteocytes 4 Spongy Bone 5 Osteogenic Cells 6 Extracellular Matrix 7 Organic ECM 8 Microanatomy of Bones 9 Inorganic ECM 10 Osteoclasts 11 Osteoblasts (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones break down/resorb bone bone stem cells capable of differentiation (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts 2 components: Organic & Inorganic (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact 1 Synchondroses 2 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 3 Cartilaginous Joints 4 Syndesmoses 5 Synovial Joints 6 Examples of Synovial Joints 7 Symphyses 8 Fibrous Joints 9 Types of Fibrous Joints 10 Joint (Articulation) 11 Gomphoses 12 Sutures between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other bones connected by cartilage pads bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule lock bones together with dense fibers have hyaline cartilage between the bones Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses Synchondroses & Symphyses Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock
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