Créer une activité
Jouer Relier Colonnes

Cartilage

Tendons

The Skeletal System

Joints

Fibrous

Bones

Ligaments

Marrow

Synovial

Cartilaginous

3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial

freely movable joints

allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage

Solid CT, 206

consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together

Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles

Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints)

Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone

Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow

Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints

Movement

Storage

Site of Hematopoiesis

Protection

Framework

Functions of Bone

Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity

blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow

guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs)

Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage,

stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow

Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement

Short Bones

Flat Bones

Long Bones

Classification of Bone

Irregular Bones

Elongated; upper and lower limbs

Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull

Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones

Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs

Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella

Periosteum

Medullary Cavity

Articular Cartilage

Diaphysis

Macroanatomy of Bones

Epiphysis

Epiphyseal Line

expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends

long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles

remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults

tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons

hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children)

hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock

Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum

Osteoclasts

Extracellular Matrix

Compact Bone

Osteogenic Cells

Osteocytes

Osteoblasts

Inorganic ECM

Organic ECM

Spongy Bone

Cells

Microanatomy of Bones

break down/resorb bone

Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact

Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts

mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae

bone stem cells capable of differentiation

(“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones

(calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone)

(dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone)

build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines

2 components: Organic & Inorganic

(mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones

Examples of Synovial Joints

Types of Fibrous Joints

Synchondroses

Symphyses

Cartilaginous Joints

Types of Cartilaginous Joints

Fibrous Joints

Sutures

Gomphoses

Joint (Articulation)

Syndesmoses

Synovial Joints

tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process)

between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other

bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial

lock bones together with dense fibers

Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses

Synchondroses & Symphyses

fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock

Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck

allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength

have hyaline cartilage between the bones

bones connected by cartilage pads