High-stakes decisions
Medium-stakes decisions
is the process of engaging students in language use tasks for the purpose of improving their language ability
Stakeholders
Low-stakes decisions
language use task
will always include ourselves, as teachers, and our students, as the test takers
are neither very high nor very low-stakes
are minor decisions. If we make the wrong decisión, the costs for stakeholders are very low, and the mistake is easy to correct.
Language teaching
are major, life-affecting decisions. If we make the wrong decisión, the cost is very high for stakeholders, and the mistake is very difficult to correct
Is an activity that requires individuals to use language to achieve a particular goal or objective
Enhance learners’ linguistic, cognitive, emotional, and social development
Purpose of tasks