is the process of engaging students in language use tasks for the purpose of improving their language ability
language use task
Enhance learners’ linguistic, cognitive, emotional, and social development
Medium-stakes decisions
Low-stakes decisions
Purpose of tasks
High-stakes decisions
Language teaching
are minor decisions. If we make the wrong decisión, the costs for stakeholders are very low, and the mistake is easy to correct.
are major, life-affecting decisions. If we make the wrong decisión, the cost is very high for stakeholders, and the mistake is very difficult to correct
will always include ourselves, as teachers, and our students, as the test takers
Is an activity that requires individuals to use language to achieve a particular goal or objective
are neither very high nor very low-stakes
Stakeholders