Pre-vocalic voicing
Velar fronting
Stopping
Weak syllable deletion
Word final devoicing
Consonant harmony
Palatal fronting
Gliding of liquids
Cluster reduction
Final consonant deletion
sh or zh are replaced b y s or z respectively Eg ship -> sip
A final consonant is omitted (deleted) from a word. Eg boat -> bo
A cluster element is deleted or replaced. Eg try -> ty
Weak (unstressed) syllables are deleted from words of more than one syllable. Eg telephone -> teffone
The pronunciation of a word is influenced by one of the sounds it 'should' contain. Eg cup-> pup
A back sound is replaced by a front sound. Eg car -> tar
A stop consonant replaces a fricative or affricate Eg ship -> tip
Liquids are replaced by glides. Eg ladder -> wadder
A final voiced consonant is replaced by a voiceless consonant Eg red -> ret
A voiceless sound preceding a vowel is replaced by a voiced sound. Eg car -> gar
