1
.
Dong
Ho
painting
(
Vietnamese
:
Tranh
?
ông
H
?
or
Tranh
làng
H
?
)
is
a
line
of
Vietnamese
folk
painting
(
ori
?
)
____________________
in
?
ông
H
?
village
(
Song
H
?
commune
,
Thu
?
n
Thành
District
,
B
?
c
Ninh
Province
)
.
Dông
H
?
painting
is
considered
a
fine
reflection
of
traditional
(
aes
?
)
____________________
value
,
social
philosophies
,
and
humanitarian
desires
.
The
(
tra
.
.
.
)
____________________
themes
of
?
ông
H
?
painting
are
good
luck
signs
,
historical
(
fig
?
)
____________________
,
folk
allegories
,
popular
stories
,
and
social
commentaries
.
Elements
of
everyday
life
are
well
integrated
in
?
ông
H
?
paintings
to
express
the
thoughts
and
wishes
of
people
.
(
Cr
?
en
)
____________________
in
the
village
often
produce
their
own
raw
materials
for
the
making
such
as
?
i
?
p
paper
and
natural
colours
.
In
printing
pictures
,
?
ông
H
?
craftsmen
use
a
special
type
of
paper
named
gi
?
y
?
i
?
p
.
The
paper
is
obtained
in
almost
the
same
way
as
dó
paper
.
The
bark
of
dó
tree
,
which
normally
is
grown
in
Tuyên
Quang
Province
,
is
soaked
in
water
for
months
,
then
mixed
with
powders
of
seashells
(
sò
?
i
?
p
)
,
which
is
the
(
or
?
n
)
____________________
of
the
paper's
name
,
and
glutinous
rice
to
make
sheets
of
paper
.
The
colours
of
paint
using
in
printing
are
refined
from
various
kinds
of
(
na
?
l
)
____________________
materials
which
are
easily
found
in
Vietnam
.
For
instance
,
the
red
colour
is
taken
from
red
gravel
in
Thiên
Thai
Mountain
,
while
the
black
comes
from
charcoal
of
burned
(
b
?
oo
)
____________________
leaves
.
In
that
way
,
a
?
ông
H
?
painting
can
keep
its
colours
for
a
long
time
.
2
.
Water
puppetry
(
Vietnamese
:
Múa
r
?
i
n
?
?
c
,
lit
.
"
Making
puppets
dance
on
water
"
)
is
a
tradition
that
(
dat
.
.
)
____________________
back
as
far
as
the
11th
century
when
it
originated
in
the
villages
of
the
Red
River
(
De
?
)
____________________
area
of
northern
Vietnam
.
Today's
Vietnamese
water
puppetry
is
a
(
uni
?
)
____________________
variation
on
the
ancient
Asian
puppet
tradition
.
The
(
pup
?
)
____________________
are
made
out
of
wood
and
then
lacquered
.
The
shows
are
performed
in
a
waist
-
deep
pool
.
A
large
bamboo
rod
supports
the
puppet
under
the
water
and
is
used
by
the
puppeteers
,
who
are
normally
hidden
behind
a
screen
,
to
control
them
.
Thus
the
puppets
(
app
?
)
____________________
to
be
moving
over
the
water
.
When
the
rice
(
fie
.
.
)
____________________
would
flood
,
the
villagers
would
(
ent
?
)
____________________
each
other
using
this
form
of
puppet
play
.
3
.
Quan
h
?
singing
is
a
Vietnamese
(
?
lk
)
____________________
music
style
(
cha
?
)
____________________
both
by
its
antiphonal
nature
,
with
alternating
groups
of
female
and
male
singers
issuing
musical
challenges
and
(
res
.
.
)
____________________
,
and
by
the
fact
that
most
of
the
songs
in
the
repertoire
deal
with
topics
of
love
and
(
senti
?
lity
)
____________________
as
experienced
by
young
adults
.
Quan
ho
was
(
rec
?
)
____________________
as
the
Intangible
Cultural
(
Her
?
)
____________________
by
the
UNESCO
in
2009
.
4
.
Chèo
is
a
form
of
Vietnamese
traditional
(
sta
?
)
____________________
art
,
strongly
developing
in
North
Vietnam
,
especially
the
Red
River
delta
and
two
(
spar
?
)
____________________
populated
mountainous
areas
in
the
North
and
North
Central
.
This
type
of
folk
music
has
the
(
harm
?
ious
)
____________________
combination
of
ethnicity
and
the
popularity
with
narrative
and
romantic
(
lyr
?
)
____________________
so
that
it
is
amazingly
preferable
for
summer
festivals
.
In
terms
of
the
meaning
,
Chèo
reflects
all
aspects
of
the
national
identity
of
Vietnamese
people
:
(
opti
?
)
____________________
,
loving
,
simple
,
full
of
national
(
pri
?
)
____________________
,
(
persi
?
)
____________________
in
fighting
against
the
(
inva
?
)
____________________
to
(
pro
?
)
____________________
the
country
.
Thanks
to
these
great
meanings
,
Chèo
is
full
of
literary
genres
:
romantic
,
epic
,
poetic
,
etc
.
creating
a
unique
(
attr
?
)
____________________
for
this
traditional
music
.
5
.
Nhã
Nh
?
c
or
Hue
royal
court
music
is
the
court
music
under
the
feudal
(
ti
?
s
)
____________________
,
(
per
?
)
____________________
on
festivals
or
(
cer
?
)
____________________
(
coronation
,
funerals
,
and
other
religious
festivals
)
in
the
reign
of
the
Nguyen
dynasty
of
Vietnam
.
Hue
royal
court
music
was
recognized
by
UNESCO
as
a
masterpiece
of
oral
and
intangible
world
cultural
heritage
in
2003
.
Nhã
Nh
?
c
has
a
diversity
of
126
songs
with
full
of
the
(
orig
?
)
____________________
lyrics
and
translation
.
Besides
,
there
are
hundreds
of
music
(
instr
?
)
____________________
supporting
the
Hue
Royal
court
music
performances
.
