The XVIIIth century

Balance of powers

Enlightened thinking

Trade: growth due to colonial expansion and increased demand

Demography (high mortality and birth rate)

Manufactures: guilds and domestic system

Absolutism

Estates of the real (society of estates)

Enlightened despotism

Reforms in politics, society, economy and culture

Egalitarian society; form of government with citizen participation; deism; physiocracy; instruction (education)