Vocabulary
Working Memory and Attention
is a key component of reading comprehension. Students can learn vocabulary through instruction. But they typically learn the meaning of words through everyday experience and also by reading.
So might connecting ideas within and between sentences, which is called cohesion. But these skills are important for reading comprehension as well.
Decoding
Sentence Construction and Cohesion
allows them to hold on to that information and use it to gain meaning and build knowledge from what they’re reading.
Fluency
is a vital step in the reading process. Kids use this skill to sound out words they’ve heard before but haven’t seen written out. The ability to do that is the foundation for other reading skills.
kids need to instantly recognize words, including ones they can’t sound out. Fluency speeds up the rate at which they can read and understand text. It’s also important when kids encounter irregular words, like of and the, which can’t be sounded out.
Most readers relate what they’ve read to what they know. So it’s important for kids to have background or prior knowledge about the world when they read.
Reasoning and Background Knowledge