COMPRESSION
TRACTION
FLEXURE
TORSION
SHEAR
T
B
I
D
X
R
X
N
D
L
E
I
O
R
L
B
O
Y
P
O
G
S
Q
U
E
N
A
V
A
N
U
F
P
Z
H
E
H
O
O
C
E
Y
O
W
E
F
U
E
U
G
W
I
T
W
H
I
U
Q
E
R
A
K
A
H
S
I
M
E
S
U
I
I
I
R
C
N
S
S
O
S
G
R
C
V
B
J
U
T
U
O
E
N
V
E
O
W
O
U
U
X
S
H
F
R
H
F
I
T
I
O
A
H
L
H
Y
M
P
X
R
Y
M
V
V
A
Q
U
Q
S
U
M
D
J
O
I
I
W
R
P
E
S
I
E
O
F
L
E
X
U
R
E
V
Q
V
J
P
C
H
U
K
O
Q
B
U
Z
U
A
J
R
G
